Emb307 Broadcast Programming -- Final Exam Flashcards (Vocabulary)

Front 1

temporary national or regional hookups among radio or television stations for the purpose of program distribution; this is especially common in radio sports

Back 1

ad hoc networks

Front 2

alternate delivery systems

Back 2

ADS

Front 3

a commercial radio or television station that receives more than 10 hours per week of network programming but is not owned by one of the nine commercial networks. This term also applies to cable system operators contracting with basic or premium subscription networks; applied loosely to public stations that are member of Public Broadcasting Service, National Public Radio, or Public Radio International.

Back 3

affiliate

Front 4

commercial spot advertising position (_____) offered for sale by a station or a network; also, syndicated television show or movie ready for station licensing.

Back 4

availability

Front 5

rating showing the average percentage of an audience that tuned in a radio or television station

Back 5

average quarter hour (AQH)

Front 6

on radio, telling the audience what songs just played

Back 6

backsell

Front 7

the previous history of characters in a series, or a reprise of the last episode

Back 7

backstory

Front 8

placing several similar programs together to create a unit that has audience flow

Back 8

blocking

Front 9

beginning a program a half hour earlier than competing programs to draw off their potential audiences and hold them past the start time of competing programs; also applied to five-minute delayed starts and ends of progress

Back 9

bridging

Front 10

the distribution of programming by coaxial cable as opposed to broadcast or satellite microwave distribution; also refers to all programming (except over-the-air signals) a cable system delivers, including local cable, access, and cable networks

Back 10

cablecasting

Front 11

fees paid to a cable network or, hypothetically, to a television station for the right to carry specific programming

Back 11

carriage charges

Front 12

turnover; in cable, the addition and subtraction of subscribers or the substitution of one pay-cable service for another. In broadcast network television, shifting of the prime-time schedule. In public broadcasting, changes in membership.

Back 12

churn

Front 13

acceptance of a network program by affiliates for airing; the total number of these governs a network program’s potential audience size

Back 13

clearance

Front 14

an AM radio station the FCC allows to dominate its frequency with up to 50 kilowatts of power; usually protected for up to 750 miles at night.

Back 14

clear channel

Front 15

in public television, programs that are intended to be aired simultaneously on all stations; similar to same-night carriage. In commercial television, FCC designation for programs for children that have some “educational purpose” and are regularly scheduled on weekdays.

Back 15

core (as in PTV)

Front 16

how much it costs an advertiser to reach 1,000 viewers, listeners, users, or subscribers.

Back 16

cost per thousand (CPM)

Front 17

the total number of different households that tune to a station at different times, generally over a one-week period; used especially in commercial and public radio, public television, and commercial sales.

Back 17

cume

Front 18

span of news flow between repeat points in all-news radio

Back 18

cycle

Front 19

a period of two or more hours that are considered to be a strategic unit in program schedules (for example, morning drivetime in radio, 6 to 10 AM, and prime time in television, 8 to 11 PM)

Back 19

daypart

Front 20

a paper instrument for recording the hours in which the listening or viewing of a station or cable service occurred. Used by Arbitron, Nielsen, and other research firms; it is filled out by audience members.

Back 20

diary

Front 21

logos and other onscreen methods of linking websites to broadcast programs

Back 21

enhanced viewing

Front 22

a ratings industry term for the total number of sets turned on during an average quarter hour; that is, the actual viewing audience to be divided among all stations and cable services in a market

Back 22

households using television (HUTs)

Front 23

short programs intended to fill the time after an odd-length program is completed. Also called shorts.

Back 23

interstitial

Front 24

simultaneously transmitting (via subcarriers) one or more television (or radio) signals in addition to the main channel; utilizes digital compression to fit a 6-megahertz NSTC signal into a narrower band; in radio, carries data (RBDS) signals

Back 24

multiplexing

Front 25

an FCC requirement that cable systems have to carry certain qualified local broadcast television stations

Back 25

must carry

Front 26

cable networks carrying a single type of programming; usually targets a defined audience; also called a theme network

Back 26

niche network

Front 27

former broadcast television network show that is now syndicated

Back 27

off-network series

Front 28

for the broadcast networks, the 12 weeks of summer

Back 28

off-season

Front 29

illegal payment for promoting a recording or song on the air

Back 29

payola

Front 30

inclusion of material in a program for the purpose of covertly promoting or advertising a product without disclosing that payment of any kind was made

Back 30

plugola

Front 31

cable or subscription television programming in which subscribers pay to watch individual programs; purchased per program and viewed rather than monthly; now mostly video-on-demand (VoD)

Back 31

pay-per-view (PPV)

Front 32

measurements that use an individual audience member’s viewing and listening habits instead of household data; especially important to radio and sports programs, where much listening and viewing takes place away from homes

Back 32

persons using television (PUT)

Front 33

an audience measurement unit representing the percentage of the total potential audience tuned to a specific program or for a time period

Back 33

rating

Front 34

late-night time period in which children are not likely to form a large part of the viewing audience

Back 34

safe harbor

Front 35

a measurement unit for comparing audiences; it represents the percentage of total listening or viewing audience (with sets on) tuned to a given station

Back 35

share

Front 36

sequential airing of several hours of the same kind of programs; similar to block programming

Back 36

stacking

Front 37

across-the-board scheduling; putting successive episodes of a program into the same time period every day, five days per week (for example, placing Star Trek every evening at 7 P.M.)

Back 37

stripping

Front 38

frequently adding specials and shifting programs in the schedule; also using long-form for a program’s introduction or character crossovers. The goal is to attract audience attention and consequent viewership. This technique is frequently used in the week preceding the kickoff of a new fall season in combination with heavy promotion; also used in sweeps.

Back 38

stunting

Front 39

syndicated exclusivity rule governing syndication of television programs; an FCC rule (reinstated in 1989) requiring cable systems bringing in distant signals to block out syndicated programming (usually on superstations) for which a local broadcaster owns exclusive rights

Back 39

syndex

Front 40

combining cable channels to sell at a package price; may be only basic cable services or a combination of pay and basic networks; in cable, having multiple levels of cable service, each including some channels and excluding others, offered for a single package price. In syndication, having different price levels for different dayparts; pricing goes up when stations place a syndicated program in a small-audience time period.

Back 40

tiering

Front 41

breaking apart previously grouped programs, services, or channels for separate licensing or member purchase; used especially in cable and public radio.

Back 41

unbundling

Front 42

in cable, the total population of cable subscribers within all franchises

Back 42

universe

Front 43

advertising time sold in advance of the new program season

Back 43

upfront

Front 44

adding cable channels at the request of cable subscribers

Back 44

upgrading

Front 45

a pattern of increasing ratings/shares over time (reverse of downtrending)

Back 45

uptrending

Front 46

erasing commercials on home-taped videocassettes. Sometimes used synonymously with flipping – changing channels by remote control to avoid commercials.

Back 46

zapping

Front 47

fast-forwarding through commercials on home-taped videocassettes

Back 47

zipping