Em570 Exam1 English Puritanism Scottish Presbyterianism

Front 1

Identify 4 features of the Lord’s Day service in the Church of England (according to the Book of Common Prayer) that differed from the liturgies of the Reformed churches on the European continent (e.g., Geneva, Strasbourg, Zurich, the German Reformed tradition, etc.)

Back 1

1) Began with Morning Prayer
2) Long Litany concluding with responsive songs & creeds
3) OT and NT reading
4) Kneeling

Hint 1

BLOK

Front 2

Identify the different competing groups within the Church of England in the 16th and 17th centuries

Back 2

Puritans
Separatists

Hint 2

PS

Front 3

Explain how Separatists differed from other groups of reformers within the Church of England in their theological and liturgical ideas.

Back 3

1) Written/fixed prayers etc. considered to be Spiritually deadening obstacle to the work of the H.S.
2) Radically simplified liturgy
3) Attempted to separate themselves from the polity and liturgy of the state church.
4) Congregationalist polity

Hint 3

WRAC

Front 4

Explain how Puritans differed from other groups of reformers within the Church of England in their theological and liturgical ideas.

Back 4

1) Worked within / alongside the CoE for reformation along Continental Reformed lines
2) Independents were most influenced by Separatists – were most liturgically liberal (departed farthest from BCP & Continental Reformed… opposed all written prayers & set forms.
3) Differed among themselves on the amount and type of change they sought in the church.
4) Disagreed on church government (Episcopal, Presbyterian, Independent) and liturgy.

Hint 4

WIDD

Front 5

Identify 3 fundamental principles of reform that motivated the Scottish and English Puritan critique of the Book of Common Prayer.

Back 5

1) Biblical warrant: required explicit commands / normative examples of specific practices in NT.
2) Correcting abuses of medieval Catholicism: Often rejecting forms altogether (the litany, congregational responses, vestments, etc.)
3) Edification: judgments about practical impact on spiritual life (the length of services, the reading of homilies)

Hint 5

BCE

Front 6

Identify 3 specific liturgical practices in the Book of Common Prayer and Anglican worship that the Puritans wanted to change based on the principle of Biblical warrant.

Back 6

Rejected:

1) Bowing at mention of Jesus name
2) Apocryphal readings
3) Liturgical year

Hint 6

BAL

Front 7

Identify 3 specific liturgical practices in the Book of Common Prayer and Anglican worship that the Puritans wanted to change based on the principle of Correcting Catholic abuses.

Back 7

Rejected:

1) Vestments
2) Absolution
3) Congregational Responses

Hint 7

VAC

Front 8

Identify 3 specific liturgical practices in the Book of Common Prayer and Anglican worship that the Puritans wanted to change based on the principle of Edification.

Back 8

1) Litany – too disorderly (rejected)
2) Shortening of services (applied)
3) Reading of Homilies (rejected)

Hint 8

LSR

Front 9

Explain the Anglican Book of Common Prayer strategy for regulating the worship of the church.

Back 9

1) Fixed Forms /liturgy for the use of both ministers & congregations
2) Minimal flexibility for free prayer and ministerial choice of forms

Hint 9

FF MF

Front 10

Explain the Scottish Book of Common Order strategy for regulating the worship of the church.

Back 10

1) Discretionary liturgy used by ministers to preparing services.
2) Specific liturgical order along with written prayers and other forms
͏3) Not binding ministers absolutely to these precise forms.

Hint 10

DSN

Front 11

Explain the Westminster Directory of Public Worship strategy for regulating the worship of the church.

Back 11

1) Framework or template for ministers to use in preparing services.
2) Specific order of worship,
3) Maximizes ministerial freedom of choice - supplies suggested topics /themes for various forms without concrete examples.

Hint 11

FSM

Front 12

Identify 3 ways that the Westminster Directory of Public Worship continued and affirmed traditional Scottish Presbyterian practices.

Back 12

1) Order: same rough order, although there are some key points of conflict.
2) Fraction: Scottish BCO mentions this action after institution narrative, (represents the breaking of Christ’s body).
3) Sitting for communion: Scottish practice was sitting in order to follow meal posture depicted NT description of Last Supper & emphasize corporate meal.

Hint 12

OFS

Front 13

Identify and briefly explain 5 ways that the Westminster Directory of Public Worship deviated from earlier Reformed liturgies and instead reflected the liturgical reforms favored by English Independents and Separatists.

Back 13

1) Frequency of communion: Independents favored monthly communion. DPW encourages communion to be done “frequently” but does not specify.
2) Lord’s Prayer: The use of the Lord’s Prayer is commended, but not required - reflects the opposition of the Independents to all set forms of prayer, included even this biblical example.
3) Omission of the Apostles Creed: The omission of the Apostles’ Creed represents the victory of the Independent party over Scottish and Genevan tradition.
4) Suggested prayers: a compromise for those against fixed prayers; yet written in such a way that they can easily be turned into specific prayer texts.
5) Sermon centered service - compromise reflected an increasing trend toward a more sermon-centered order that placed the sermon at the end of the service (combines different major types of prayer into one long prayer before sermon).

Hint 13

FLOSS