Elsener Unit 4

Front 1

Word History flash card set 1-4 Unifications of Germany & Italy and Imperialism Ch. 10-13.

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Name_____________________

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At the beginning of the 19th century the modern states of Italy & Germany did _____.

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not exist

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At the beginning of the 1800s they were scattered among several German states, parts of Prussia, and the Austrian Empire.

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German-speaking people

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Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire and organized some German states into the Rhine confederation.

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Napoleon

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Napoleon's actions helped develop German ______________.

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national identity

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As Germans fought to free their lands from the French they began to demand one German nation for all ______.

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German speaking people

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Austria and Prussia struggled over domination of the ________.

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German States

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Aristocratic landowners in Prussia.

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Junkers

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Most important state in the unification of Germany.

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Prussia

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Most important individual in the unification of Germany.

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Otto von Bismarck

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In 1862, King William I named Otto von Bismarck the ________.

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Chancellor of Prussia

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Bismarck believed Germany needed a strong government and army to achieve _______.

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German unity

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Policy advocating the right of the nation-state to pursue its own advantage by any means including war and the repudiation of treaties.

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Realpolitik

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Bismarck followed a policy of _____.

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Realpolitik

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Bismarck added land to Prussia by leading it into ___________.

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three wars

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Bismarck annexed neighboring states in the North German Federation by his victory in the _________.

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Austro-Prussian War

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Austro-Prussian War.

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Seven Weeks War

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By editing a note Bismarck made it seem that William I had ___________.

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insulted the French

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Angered by what he believed was an insult from William I, Napoleon III _________.

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declared war on Prussia

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Prussia defeated Napoleon III, in 1870, in the _________.

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Franco-Prussian War

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Prussia's victory over France convinced the Southern German States to support ______.

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unification

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Delighted by the victory over France, German princes asked William I to take the title ____.

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Kaiser of Germany

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Became Kaiser/Emperor of all Germany in 1871.

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William I

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Bismarck became the chief minister of all Germany or _____.

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Chancellor

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To unite Germany Bismarck used a strategy of ____.

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war & diplomacy

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In 1871 Germans celebrated the birth of the_______

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second Reich

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After 1871, the new German empire became an _______.

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Industrial giant

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Wanted to keep France weak to build strong ties with Austria and Russia.

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Bismarck

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Worked to suppress both the Socialists and the Catholic Church because he believed they threatened the new German empire.

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Bismarck

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Bismarck's efforts to suppress both the Socialists and the Catholics ______.

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backfired

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Kaiser William II shocked Europe by asking __________.

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Bismarck to resign

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Because Kaiser William II believed the right to rule came from God he resisted ________.

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democratic reforms

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A secret society that had the goal "to constitute Italy, one, free, independent, republican nation.

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Young Italy

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Italian statesman largely responsible for the unification of Italy.

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Count Cavour

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Sought to unite Italy by making piecemeal additions to the Piedmont.

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Count Cavour

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Conquered Sicily & Naples with his volunteer army the "Red Shirts."

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

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By conquering the Papal army Cavour forced Garibaldi to surrender his conquest to ______.

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Victor Emmanuel II

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Surrendered Sicily & Naples to King Victor Emmanuel II.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

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First King of a unified Italy.

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Victor Emmanuel II

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After unification Italy still had differences between ______.

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North and South

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In 1800, they were the longest-reigning family in Europe.

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Hapsburgs

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Ruling family of Austria.

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Hapsburg

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The Austrian Empire was home to many

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ethnic groups

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In 1848 revolts broke out in Austria and were _________.

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crushed

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Hapsburg ruler who attempted to strengthen his empire by granting limited reforms.

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Francis Joseph

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Austria's defeat to Prussia in 1866 resulted in an even greater demand for change especially from ______.

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Hungarians

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Ferenc Deak worked out a compromise in the Austrian empire known as the ______.

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Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

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Under the Dual Monarchy Austria and Hungary were separate states both still ruled by _____.

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Francis Joseph

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Even after the creation of the Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary still suffered from ______.

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nationalist unrest

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Strongest of the nationalist groups opposing Austria-Hungary's rule.

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slavs

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The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the nationalist resentment of Austria-Hungary led to the _________.

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"Balkan powder keg"

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Europe's greatest war between 1815 and 1914, pitting first Turkey, then France and England, and finally Piedmont - Sardinia against Russia.

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Crimean War

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Russia's defeat in the Crimean war caused him to make some reforms.

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Alexander II

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Alexander II ordered the emancipation of the ______.

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serfs

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Alexander II also created elected assemblies, called _____.

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zemstvos

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When radicals demanded still greater reforms Alexander II moved toward ____.

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repression

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When terrorists killed his father Alexander II he brought back repressive rule.

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Alexander III

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Alexander III repressed the cultures of ____.

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non-Russian peoples

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Russia's official persecution, led to mob attacks against Jews called ______.

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pogroms

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Radical reformers who advocated the absence of government, the complete destruction of the state.

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Anarchists

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They believe government is unnecessary and intrinsically harmful.

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Anarchists

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Doctrine that denies all values, questions all authority.

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Nihilism

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Advocates the destruction of all social and economic institutions.

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Nihilism

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Anarchism & Nihilism arose in 19th century Russia in opposition to the ________.

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Czars

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In 1905, Russia went to war with and was defeated by _______.

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Japan

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Drained the Russian economy & resulted in a Russian revolution in 1905.

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Russo-Japanese War

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When Russian workers marched on the Winter Palace with a petition of reforms the Czar's troops ______.

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opened fire on them

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Put down the revolt of 1905.

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Czar Nicholas II

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Even though he put down the revolt of 1905, Nicholas II was forced to agree to more freedom & the creation of the ______.

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Duma

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Russian Parliament.

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Duma

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Nicholas II did not give IT any real power.

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Duma

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In 1815 Great Britain had a constitutional monarchy but it was not very _______.

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democratic

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Democratic reforms in Great Britain during the 1800s were ________.

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gradual and nonviolent

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The Reform Act of 1832 reduced what qualification for voting? (in England)

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property ownership

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Redistributed seats in the House of Commons more fairly.

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Reform Act of 1832

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Great symbol of British life from 1837 to 1901.

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Queen Victoria

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Included duty, thrift, honesty, hard work, and respectability.

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Victorian values

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Benjamin Disraeli turned the Tories into the modern _______.

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Conservative Party

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The Whigs, led by William Gladstone, developed into the _______.

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Liberal party

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Liberal Prime Minister of Great Britain; introduced the secret ballot, extended the franchise, and reformed education.

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William Gladstone

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Conservative Prime Minister who supported aristocratic traditions while granting democratic reforms which extended the franchise.

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Benjamin Disraeli

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She ruled Great Britain for 64 years during the careers of Gladstone and Disraeli.

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Queen Victoria

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Bill that gave the vote to many working class men in Britain.

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Reform Bill of 1867

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Nobles lost most their power when the 1911 Parliament Act removed _______.

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money bills from the House of Lords.

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The Parliament Act of 1911 symbolized the decline of the ________.

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aristocracy

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By the end of the 19th Century Britain had become a ___________.

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parliamentary democracy

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A Prime Minister and cabinet are chosen by their fellow members of parliament.

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parliamentary democracy

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In the 1800s the British passed laws which removed trade restrictions and encouraged ___.

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free trade

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It brought about laws that ended the slave trade and banned slavery in all British colonies.

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Abolition movement

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Leader of the abolition movement in the British Parliament.

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William Wilberforce

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Gradually parliament passed laws in Great Britain during the 1800s which improved ___.

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working conditions

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In 1918 the British Parliament granted the right to vote to ________.

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women over 30

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Resented British rule and having to pay tithes to the Church of England.

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Irish Catholics

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A Jewish officer in France was wrongly accused of spying for Germany.

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Dreyfus affair

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Demonstrated that there were strong anti-Jewish feelings in France.

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Dreyfus affair

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Movement to create a Jewish homeland, started by Theodor Herzl in response to the Dreyfus affair.

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Zionism

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In 1905 France passed a law to separate ___.

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Church and State

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One country’s domination of the political, economic & social life of another country

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Imperialism

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Era between 1800 and 1914

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Age of Imperialism

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To distinguish it from the Imperialism of the 16th and 17th centuries the Imperialism of the 19th and early 20th century is called the __________.

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new imperialism

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Nationalism, the Industrial Revolution, religious fervor, and feelings of racial and cultural superiority

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causes of imperialism

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Extreme pride in one's country.

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Nationalism

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Caused rival European nations to build empires in competitive quests for power.

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Nationalism

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Imperialism resulted in a quest for _______.

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colonies

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Conflicts developed when colonial governments started claiming the same ___________.

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territories

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Created a desire for raw materials and new markets.

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Industrial Revolution

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Imperialists worked to gain control over _____.

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Conquered territory

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When it was built it provided a shortcut between Europe and Asia.

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Suez Canal

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Built by a French company in the 1800s, it linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

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Suez Canal

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Territory that an imperialist power rules directly.

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Colony

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Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of Europeans.

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Protectorate

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Area in which an imperialist power holds exclusive trading rights.

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Sphere of influence

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Largest imperialistic empire by the 1900s

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Great Britain

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By the 1900s the British Empire covered ________.

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1/4 of the worlds land & people

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Belief that white men had a duty to introduce other people to the benefits of Western society.

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White man's burden

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The "White man's burden" was a justification for ___________.

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Imperialism

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British adventurer who made a fortune from gold and diamond mining in Southern Africa. (Controlled 90% of the world's diamond production)

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Cecil Rhodes

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Cecil Rhodes founded the colony of ________.

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Rhodesia

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Applied the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human groups.

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Social Darwinism

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Social Darwinism was used to justify _________.

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Imperialism

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When Europeans treated Africans like children it was the result of a ________.

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paternalistic view

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Explorer missionary who spent so many years in Africa that Henry Stanley was sent to look for him.

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Dr. David Livingston

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Journalist who found Dr. David Livingston in Africa.

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Henry Stanley

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Dutch settlers in Southern Africa.

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Afrikaners

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Afrikaners were also called ______.

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Boers

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in 1885 14 European nations met in Berlin to divide up ________.

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Africa

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When gold and diamonds were discovered in South Africa the British fought the Afrikaners for control of the region in the ______.

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Boer war

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War fought in South Africa from 1889-1902.

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Boer war

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By the early 1900s, African nationalists had begun to work for _____________.

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independence

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British made great profits by smuggling _______.

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Opium to China

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When the Chinese tried to crack down on opium smuggling the British won the _________.

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Opium War

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Violent uprising in China, in 1900, directed against foreigners.

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Boxer Rebellion

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In 1904, Japan conducted a surprise attack against a Russian base in Manchuria.

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Port Arthur

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Japan's victory over Russia gained it European recognition as a ___________.

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world power

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Japan's victory over Russia turned it into a _________.

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Imperialistic nation

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A desire to expand and be more powerful than other nations.

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Nationalism

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A desire by a national group to have its own state or country.

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Nationalism

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Establishing authority over areas of the world outside a country's natural boundaries.

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Imperialism

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Establishing colonies throughout the world.

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Imperialism

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Resulted in conflicts over colonial possessions.

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Imperialism