Elements, Atoms And Molecules

Front 1

Elements are made up of only ___ type of atom

Back 1

one

Front 2

There are ____ elements which have been identified

Back 2

112

Front 3

Calcium is given the symbol _____

Back 3

Ca

Front 4

Aluminium is given the symbol ____

Back 4

Al

Front 5

Argon is given the symbol ____

Back 5

Ar

Front 6

Boron is given the symbol _____

Back 6

B

Front 7

Bromium is given the symbol ____

Back 7

Br

Front 8

Carbon is given the symbol ___

Back 8

C

Front 9

Hydrogen is given the symbol ____

Back 9

H

Front 10

The central core of the atom is called the ______ and contains _____ and _______

Back 10

nucleus, protons, neutrons

Front 11

Protons are positively charged; neutrons are neutral and therefore _____

Back 11

have no charge

Front 12

The second part of the atom is the area surrounding the nucleus, where negatively charged _____ can be found

Back 12

electrons

Front 13

There is a force of attraction between the positive protons in the nucleus and the negative electrons called the _________

Back 13

electrostatic force

Front 14

Each proton has a positive (+) charge of ___, and each electron has a negative (-) charge of _____.

Back 14

1, 1

Front 15

the number of protons in the nucleus must be the same as __________

Back 15

the number of electrons orbiting around it

Front 16

atoms are given a relative mass which is equal to the number of ______ and _______ in their nucleus

Back 16

protons, neutrons

Front 17

Protons and neutrons are each given a relative mass of ____

Back 17

1

Front 18

Electrons are extremely small and therefore they have a relative mass of _____

Back 18

0

Front 19

atomic number: this is the number of ______ that each element has in its nucleus

Back 19

protons

Front 20

Electrons move round the nucleus in shell orbits like planets around the sun. The first shell, like that of a gobstopper, is closest to the centre. It can hold up to _____ electrons and when it is full is stable

Back 20

2

Front 21

Carbon has an atomic number of 6. What does this mean?

Back 21

Carbon has 6 protons in the nucleus and therefore 6 electrons. The first shell will have 2 and the second shell will have 4

Front 22

The main electron shells are actually made up of smaller shells which are termed ______

Back 22

orbitals

Front 23

S orbitals are ________ in shape and can hold ______ electrons – the first main electron shell is an s-orbital

Back 23

spherical, 2

Front 24

P orbitals are shaped like _______ and can hold ___ electrons – the second main electron shell is formed from an s-orbital (which holds 2 electrons), and a p-orbital (which holds 6 electrons). Together this equals ___ electrons.

Back 24

3d dumb bells, 6, 8

Front 25

D orbitals make ____ and can hold ___ electrons – the third main electron shell is formed from an s-orbital (which holds 2 electrons), and a p-orbital (which holds 6 electrons), and a d orbital (which holds 10 electrons). Together this equals ___ electrons.

Back 25

complex shapes, 10, 18

Front 26

Simple Electron Arrangement – 2 8 4, what is the Orbital Electron Arrangement?

Back 26

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2

Front 27

The electrons fill the orbitals that are closest to the atoms’ _____ first

Back 27

NUCLEUS

Front 28

TRUE OR FALSE: the 4th electron shell begins to fill before the 3rd electron shell has finished

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

the 4s orbital is actually closer to the atoms’ nucleus than the 3d orbital. This means that 4s __________ (which can hold 10 electrons).

Back 29

fills up first before 3d

Front 30

Molecules are ________

Back 30

groups of atoms linked together in fixed proportions

Front 31

atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine are joined in pairs and are written as such:

Back 31

H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2

Front 32

Molecules can be formed by ______

Back 32

different types of atoms joining together

Front 33

Water exists as molecules of ______ and _____ atoms clumped together in proportions of 2 ______ atoms to 1 _____ atom

Back 33

hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 34

water contains two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom, and therefore is written as ___

Back 34

H2O

Front 35

sulfuric acid contains two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms. It is therefore written as ______

Back 35

H2SO4

Front 36

An ion is _______

Back 36

an electrically charged particle

Front 37

An atom is neutral because a proton has a relative charge of +1, and an electron has a relative charge of -1. Therefore these _________

Back 37

cancel each other out

Front 38

Loss of an electron, which is negatively charged, will give the atom an overall ______

Back 38

positive charge

Front 39

Gaining an electron will make the atom ______

Back 39

negatively charged

Front 40

If an atom loses two electrons, then it will have an overall positive charge of ____

Back 40

+2

Front 41

If an atom gains two electrons, then it will have an overall negative charge of ____

Back 41

-2

Front 42

a nitrate ion has 1 nitrogen and 3 oxygen atoms (NO3), and has an overall charge of ____

Back 42

-1

Front 43

a sulphate ion, has 1 sulfur atom and 4 oxygen atoms (SO4), and has an overall charge of ____

Back 43

-2

Front 44

Calcium ion =

Back 44

Ca2+

Front 45

Hydrogen ion =

Back 45

H+

Front 46

Oxygen ion =

Back 46

O2-

Front 47

ammonium ion contains one atom of nitrogen and 4 atoms of hydrogen. It has an overall charge of ____

Back 47

+1

Front 48

the number of electrons that are in the outer shell corresponds with the number of the group in which the element is found in the _______

Back 48

periodic table

Front 49

group 1 elements all have ____ electron in their outer shell

Back 49

one

Front 50

Atoms desire to be _____. They do this by having ______

Back 50

stable, a full shell of electrons

Front 51

Atoms are made up of a positively charged ____ and negatively charged ______ which orbit the _____

Back 51

nucleus, electrons, nucleus

Front 52

The nucleus of an atom is made up from _____ which are positively charged and ______ which do not have a charge (they are neutral).

Back 52

protons, neutrons

Front 53

The number of protons in an atom is equal to _____

Back 53

the number of electrons

Front 54

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (its ______) defines what element the atom is.

Back 54

atomic number

Front 55

Electrons are arranged on the outside of an atom in ______

Back 55

electron shells

Front 56

The first electron shell (closest to the nucleus) holds ___ electrons, the second electron shell holds ___ electrons and the third electron shell also holds ___ electrons before the fourth shell begins to fill.

Back 56

2, 8, 8

Front 57

The main electron shells are made up of sub-shells called _____ which are different shapes

Back 57

orbitals

Front 58

The orbitals that are _____ fill up first

Back 58

closest to the atoms’ nucleus

Front 59

Ions are atoms which have ______ and therefore carry a positive or negative charge

Back 59

lost or gained an electron