Elements And Atoms

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Front 2

Element

Back 2

The simplest pure substances, composed of only one kind of atom - silver, iron, aluminium. All other things are built from. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Front 3

Compound

Back 3

Pure substances, consist of two or more elements in the same proportion - H2O (water)

Front 4

Difference between elements and compounds?

Back 4

Chemical processes can break down compounds into simpler substances such as elements.Elements cannot be broken down.

Front 5

Mixture

Back 5

Two or more substances are physically mixed, but not chemically combined - the air, steel. Physical proceses can separate mixtures because there are no chemical interactions between the components.

Front 6

Homogeneous mixture

Back 6

The composition is iniform throughout (ühetaoline), different parts of the mixture are not visible. Brass (copper and zink), salt water

Front 7

Heterogeneous mixture

Back 7

The composition of substances is not uniform, the different parts of the mixture are visible. Water and copper, raisins in the cookie, pizza.

Front 8

Chemical symbols

Back 8

Two-letter abbreviations for the sames of the elements.

Front 9

Periodic table

Back 9

The arrangement of elements.

Front 10

Periods

Back 10

Each horizontal row on the periodic table.

Front 11

Groups

Back 11

Each vertical column on the periodic table contains elements that have similar properties.

Front 12

Alkali metals

Back 12

Group 1A elements (besides H). Soft, shiny metals that are good conductors of heat and electircity and have relatively low melting points.React vigorously with water and form white products when they combine with oygen - Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.

Front 13

Alkaline earth metals

Back 13

Group 2A. Shiny metals but not as reactive as 1A group metals - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.

Front 14

Halogens

Back 14

Group 7A. Strongly reactive and form compounds with most of the elements - F, Cl, Br, I

Front 15

Noble gases

Back 15

Group 8A. Quite unreactive and are seldom found in combination with other elements - He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.

Front 16

Metals

Back 16

Shiny solids. Good conductors of heat and electricity. All of the metals except mercury are solids at room temperature - Na, Mg, Cu, Au, Ag, Fe, Sn.

Front 17

Nonmetals

Back 17

Not very shiny, malleable, ductile. Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Low melting points and low densities - H, C, N, O, Cl, S.

Front 18

Metalloids

Back 18

Better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals. Used as semiconductors and insulators - B,Si, G, As, Sb, Te, Po, At.

Front 19

Atom

Back 19

The smalles particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element.

Front 20

Dalton's Atomic theory

Back 20

Atoms are tiny particles of matter, they are similar and different from other elements. Atoms of two or more different elements combine to form compouds. Atoms are reaaranged to form new combinations in a chemical reaction.

Front 21

Elecron

Back 21

A negatively charged subatomic particle having a very small maas that is usually ignored in calculations.

Front 22

Proton

Back 22

A positively charged subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 23

Nucleus

Back 23

The compact, very dense center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons of the atom.

Front 24

Neutron

Back 24

A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 25

Atomic number

Back 25

Number of protons in an atom. Used to identify each element.
Number on the top.

Front 26

Mass number

Back 26

Number of protons and neutron. Written underneath the element.

Front 27

Isotope

Back 27

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Front 28

Atomic symbol

Back 28

Represents a particular atom of an element. Gives the mass number in the ipper left corner and the atomic number in the lower left corner.

Front 29

The atomic size of atoms ...

Back 29

Increased going down within a group.

Front 30

Group number and calence electrons

Back 30

The group numbers 1A -8A indicate the number of valence (outer) el;ectrons for the elements in each vertical column.

Front 31

Atomic size

Back 31

Distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons.