Element

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Element

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fundamental form of matter that occupies space, has mass, and cannot be broken apart into a different form of matter by ordinary physical or chemical means

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Atom

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the smallest particles that retain the properties of an element

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Proton

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located in the center of the nucleus, it has a charge of +1, and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). A proton without an electron zipping around it is a hydrogen ion (H+)

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Electron

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a very small particle located outside the nucleus, it has a charge of -1 and its mass in negligible (approx. 1800 electrons is equivalent to1 proton)

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Neutron

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also is located in the atomic nucleus; it has no charge and a mass of slightly over 1amu.

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Matter

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anything that has mass and occupies space

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Energy

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the capacity to do work

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Atomic Number

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number of protons an atom has

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Atomic Mass

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is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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Isotope

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atoms of an element that have differing numbers of neutrons (but a constant atomic number)

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Radioisotope

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an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and stabilizes itself by spontaneously emitting energy and particles

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Tracer

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the molecule of a substance to which a radioisotope is attached. In conjunction with tracking devices, it can be used to follow the movement or destination of that substance in a metabolic pathway, the body, etc.

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Shell Model

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is a simple although not quite accurate way to think about how electrons are distributed in some atoms

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Chemical Bond

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a union between the electron structures of atoms

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Inert Atoms

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a atom that has no vacancies, they show little tendency to enter chemical reactions