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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy
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-ability to do work
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electromagnetic waves
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-grouped according to energy, frequency, and wavelength
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electromagnetic spectrum is characterized by
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-wavelength
-frequency |
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higher frequency is ionizing or nonionizing?
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-ionizing
-can break molecular bonds to form ions |
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lower frequency is ionizing or nonionizing?
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-nonionizing
-therapeutic applications |
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what is the relationship between intensity of light and distance from the skin
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-varies inversely w/ the square of the distance
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the intensity is greatest when the light strikes patient at what angle?
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-perpendicular
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light has the greatest intensity when...
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-high energy output
-source close to patient -perpendicular to skin |
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what are the effects of light w/ a higher frequency
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-energy absorbed more rapidly
-decreased depth of penetration (more superficial) --LESS beam divergence |
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effects of light
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-promote ATP production
-promote collagen production -modulate inflammation -inhibit bacterial growth -promote vasodilation -alter nerve conduction velocity and regeneration |
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clinical indications of light
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-tissue healing (wounds, bone)
-arthritis -lymphedema -neurological conditions -pain management |
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diodes
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-LED
-SLD |
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LED diode
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-light emitting diodes
-low intensity (power) light -not coherent or monochromatic -spreads widely |
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SLD diode
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-supraluminous diodes
-high intensity -almost monochromatic -not coherent -spreads a little |
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intensity/power of the diodes is determined by
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-number of diodes
-frequency/wavelength (type of diode) |
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what is ideal wavelength for depth of penetration
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-600-1300nm
-longer wavelength (lower frequency, deeper penetration) |
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LED power output
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-1-5mW
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SLD power output
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- 4-35mW
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Laser power output
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-5-500mW
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energy
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-(J)=power (W) x time (sec)
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energy dose
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-lower doses for acute and superficial conditions
-higher doses for chronic and deeper conditions |
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Light contraindications
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-avoid eyes
-areas of hemorrhage -over endocrine glands w/in 4-6 months of radiation therapy |
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light precautions
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-epilepsy
-fever -malignancy -lumbar region during pregnancy -gonads -epiphyseal plates -areas of decreased sensation -infection -cardiac conditions (over heart) -impaired cognition |
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types of light therapy
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-UV
-laser |
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wavelenght of UV radiation
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-400-<290 nm
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Bands of UV radiation
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-UVA
-UVB -UVC |
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UVA
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-320-400 nm
-long waves -most penetrating |
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UVB
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-290-320 nm
-middle wave -greatest skin erythema |
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UVC
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-<290 nm
-short wave -ionizing -germicidal -filtered by ozone layer |
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physiological effects of UV
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-skin erythema (sun burn)
-tanning (melanin migration) -epidermal hyperplasia (leather skin) -vitamin D synthesis -bactericidal (UVC) |
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clinical indications of UV
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-psoriasis (epidermal hyper-proliferation)
-wound healing |
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minimal erythemal dose
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-MED
-smallest dose producing erythema w/in 8h after exposure and disappearing w/in 24hr -specific to each individual -MED will increase w/ repeated use |
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treatment dose relative to MED
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-1st degree erythema (mild sunburn...2.5x MED)
-2nd degree erythema (bad sunburn...5x MED) -3rd degree erythema (blister...10x MED) |
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adverse effects of UV radiation
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-burning
-premature aging of skin -carcinogenesis -eye damage (corneal or eyelid inflammation, cataracts...used UV blocking goggles) |
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contraindications for UV
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-avoid the eyes
-skin cancer -pulmonary tuberculosis -cardiac, kidney, or liver disease -lupus (SLE) -fever |
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precautions for UV
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-photosensitizing medication
-phostosensitive patients -recent radiation treatment -effects of previous treatment still present |
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what does Laser stand for
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-light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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laser
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-beam of EM radiation w/in infrared, visible, or UV range of EM spectrum
-photons stimulate emission of other photons -wavelength determines color -penetration is 1-4 cm |
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laser properties
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-monochromatic (single frequency)
-coherent (all waves in phase) -directional (non-divergent) |
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coherence
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-same wavelength
-in phase w/ one anther |
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monochromaticity
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-single, defined wavelength
-light is one pure color |
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collimation
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-minimal divergence
-photons parallel thus concentrating a beam o flight |
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fine levels of laser classifications
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-1, 2, 3a (<5mW)
-3b - Therapy (5-500mW) -4 -surgical (>500 mW) |
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effects of hot lasers
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-cauterize
-incise -destroy tissue |
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effects of low intensity/cold lasers
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-photobiomodulation
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physiological effects of laser
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-photobiomodulation
-expedite inflammatory process -decrease pain -promote tissue healing |
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physiological effects of laser are dependent on
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-wavelength
-power (too little, nothing will happen, too much causes damage) -method of application and dosage |
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clinical indications of laser
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-musculoskeletal injuries (tendinopathies, contusion, carpal tunnel, arthritis)
-cutaneous wounds -pain -viral infection (HSV) |
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laser contraindications
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-avoid the eyes
-malignancy -w/in 4-6 months of radiation therapy -thyroid or other endocrine glands -hemorrhaging lesions |
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laser precautions
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-epilepsy
-fever -over lumber region during pregnancy -gonads -epiphyseal plates -areas of decreased sensation -infection -cardiac conditions -impaired cognition |
