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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of Hyponatremia
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Diarrhea
Vomiting, GI suctioning Diaphoresis NPO Diet Decreased aldosterone, Diuretics Heart failure Cancer Surgery Cont use 5% dextrose Relative (fluid overload) |
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S/S of Hyponatremia
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Abd cramps, seizures
w hypovol): Oliguira, ↓BP, weak slow pulse, Ortho BP (w/hypervol): ↑BP, ↑Pulse, edema |
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Causes of Hypernatremia
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↑Na intake
Renal failure Cardiac disease ↑ Aldosterone Steroid use Meds (cough, sulfonamides, laxitives) Diabetes Insipidus (relative) Decrease H20 intake or loss |
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S/S of Hypernatremia
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Dry mucous membranes, oliguria, ↓turgor, weakness,
twitching ( w/ hypervoll) HTN, bounding pulse (w/hypovol) ↓BP, ↑pulse rate |
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Causes of Hypokalemia
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↑aldosterone
Cushings Diarrhea, vomiting, sweating GI would drain, NG suctioning Renal disease Malabsortion, NPO Steroids, Diuretics, Tetracycline Insulin Alkalosis ST depression & U wave |
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S/S of Hypokalemia
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Weakness, thready pulse, poss dysrhythmia, Ortho BP
Confusion, Vomiting, Lethargy ↓peristalsis ,flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia Hypomagnesemia Risk for Cardiac Arrest |
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Causes of Hyperkalemia
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Beta blockers, ACE, NSAIDS,ESRD, Burns, ↓aldosterone, K sparing diuretics, over ingestion salt substitutes, blood tranfusions w/ old blood, Acidosis causes "psuedohyperkalemia"
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S/S of Hyperkalemia
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dysrhythmia, palpations, weakness, N/D, irritability, ↑excitability, twitching, paresthesia, , increase motility, ST elevation, wide QRS
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