Electrolytes

Front 1

Sodium Na+
regulation & function
135-145 mEq/L

Back 1

regulation-renal reabsorption or excretion, aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption in collecting duct of nephrons
function-regulates ECF volume and distribution, maintaining blood volume, transmitting nerve impulses & muscle contraction

Front 2

Potassium K+
regulation & function
3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Back 2

regulation-renal excretion and conservation, aldosterone increase K+ excretion, movement into and out of cells, insulin helps move K+ into cells, tissue damage and acidosis shift K+ out of cells into ECF
Function-maintaining ICF osmolality, transmitting nerve & other electrical impulses, regulates cardiac impulse transmission and muscle contraction, skeletal and smooth muscle function, regulating acid/base balance

Front 3

Calcium Ca+
regulation & function
total-4.5-5.5 mEq/L or
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
ionized-56% of total calcium
2.5 mEq/L or 4.0-5.0 mg/dL

Back 3

regulation-redistribution between bones and ECF, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol increase serum levels, calcitonin decreases serum levels
function-forming bones and teeth, transmitting nerve impulses, regulating muscle contractions, maintaining cardiac pacemaker, blood clotting, activating enzymes such as pancreatic lipase and phospholipase

Front 4

Magnesium Mg2+
regulation & function
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
1.6-2.5mg/dL

Back 4

regulation-conservation and excretion by kidneys, intestinal absorption increased by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone
function-intracellular metabolism, operating sodium/postassium pump, relaxing muscle contractions, transmitting nerve impulses, regulating cardiac function

Front 5

Chloride Cl-
regulation & function
95-108 mEq/L

Back 5

regulation-excreted and reabsorbed along with sodium in the kidneys, aldosterone increases reabsorption with sodium
function-HCl production, regulating ECF balance and vascular volume, regulating acid/base balance, buffer in oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in RBCs

Front 6

Phosphate PO4-
regulation & function
1.8-2.6 mEq/L
2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Back 6

regulation-excretion and reabsorption by the kidneys, parathyroid hormone decreases serum levels by increasing renal excretion, reciprocal relationship with calcium, increasing serum calcium levels will decrease levels and vice versa
function-forming bones and teeth, metabolizing carbs/protein/fat, cellular metabolism:producing ATP and DNA, muscle/nerve/RBC function, regulates acid/base balance, regulates calcium levels

Front 7

Bicarbonate HCO3-
regulation & function

Back 7

regulation-excretion/reabsorption by the kidneys, regeneration by the kidneys
function-major body buffer in acid/base regulation