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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hyponatremia
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Causes: CHF, cirrhosis, kidney disease, burns
Signs: Confusion, headache, muscle weakness, spasms, convulsions, nausea Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L |
Too much water, not enough sodium
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Hypernatremia
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Causes: Dehydration, hyperemesis, diarreha, diaphoresis, polyuria
Signs & Sx: thirst, weakness, twitching, signs of dehydration, seizure, coma Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L |
Hypertonic ECF pulls water from ICF by osmosis.
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Hypokalemia
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Causes: Diuretics, kidney failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive use of laxatives, gastric suctioning
Signs: Arrhythmias, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes Normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
Where is potassium absorbed? What muscle does it affect?
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Hyperkalemia
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Causes: acute or chronic renal failure, Addison's disease, destruction of RBCs (crushing injury, burns) excessive use of potassium salt subs
Signs: Arrhythmias, muscle fatigue, hypotension, paralysis, nausea, paresthesias Normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
Most potassium is ICF. What muscle does potassium affect?
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Hypocalcemia
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Causes: cancer, injury of parathyroid glands, impaired absorption in GI tract
Signs: Paresthesias, spasms, tetany, Chvostek's & Trousseu's signs, arrythmias, dyspnea, dysphagia Normal range: 8.4-10.6 mg/dL |
Where is calcium absorbed? What gland makes PTH which increases serum calcium? How does calcium affect nerve impulses?
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Hypercalcemia
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Causes: overuse of antacids, overactive parathyroid glands, cancer, osteoporosis
Signs: anorexia, abdominal pain, constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, renal calculi, patho fractures Normal range: 8,4-10.6 mg/dL |
PTH increases serum calcium. What body tissue uses calcium? What medicines are made of calcium?
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Hypomagnesemia
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Causes: chronic malnutrition, chronic diarrhea, alcoholism, bowel resection, gastric suction
Signs: Hypertension, hyperactive reflexes, cramps, twitching, arrhythmias, Chvostek's & Trousseu's signs, seizures, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia Normal range: 1.3-2.1 mg/dL |
Where is magnesium absorbed in the body? What "hyper" signs will low serum magnesium cause?
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Hypermagnesemia
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Causes: overuse of antacids, chronic kidney failure
Signs: Hypotension, sweating & flushing, nausea & vomiting, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory depression, dysrhythmias, Normal range: 1.3-2.1 mg/dL |
Which organ excretes magnesium? What "hypo" signs will high serum levels cause?
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Hypophosphatemia
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Causes: Vit D deficit, hyperparathyroidism
Signs: confusion, seizures, numbness, weakness, coma Chronic hypophosphatemia= rickets, osteomalacia Normal range: 2.7-4.5 mg/dL |
What cellular energy source is phosphate needed for? How will low levels of that affect cells?
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Hyperphosphatemia
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RARE
Causes: renal insufficiency Signs: anorexia, nausea, vomiting Normal range: 2.7-4.5 mg/dL |
What other electrolyte does phosphate interfere with? Which organ filters phosphate from the blood?
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