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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Low Na+
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Disorientation, stupor, coma
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Low Cl-
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Secondary to metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypovolemia, increased aldosterone
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Low K+
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U waves on EKG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis
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Low Ca2+
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Tetany, neuromuscular irritability
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Low Mg2+
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Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmia
Can cause hypokalemia by two mechanisms: 1) Hypomagnesemia inhibits the release of PTH > hypokalemia (high PTH leads to hyperkalemia; low PTH leads to hypokalemia) 2) Mypomagnesemia can cause oral K+ supplementation to fail because Mg2+ is a cofactor that keeps K+ channels closed in the kidney, preventing K+ from being wasted in the urine. |
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Low PO4(3-)
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Low-mineral ion product > bone loss, osteomalacia
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High Na+
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Neurologic irritability, delerium, coma
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High Cl-
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Secondary to non-anion gap acidosis
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High K+
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Peaked T-waves on EKG, wide QRS, arrhythmias
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High Ca2+
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Delerium, renal stones, abdominal pain, not necessarily calciuria
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High Mg2+
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Delirium, decreased DTRs, cardiopulmonary arrest
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High PO4(3-)
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High-mineral ion product causes renal stones, metastatic calcifications
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