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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sodium
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Level 135-145
Must abundant lyte in ECF Controls water distrubution Necessary for muscle contraction and nerve transmission Foods: table salt, processed meats, canned foods, and snacks |
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HyperNa causes
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Greater than 145mEq/L
Causes: Water deprevation Hypertonic feedings with no water, watery diarrhea, heat stroke and drowning in sea water |
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HyperNA Signs and Symptoms
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Thrist, swollen tongue, dry mucous membranes, weakness, disorientation, change in LOC
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Management of HyperNa
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Encourage PO fluids, no Na in diet, PO Diuretics, IV hypotonics solutions0.3 and 0.45 NS
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Assesment of HyperNa
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Changes in LOC intake and output, daily weight, increased blood osmality
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HypoNa causes
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Causes: diuretics GI fluid loss:vomiting, suctioning, diarrhea, excessive sweating, excessive ADH
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Signs and symptoms of HypoNa
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Anerioxa, N/V increases ICP, lethargery, confusion, HA, changes in LOC
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Management of HypoNa
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PO Na IV Na restrict water intake, administer Hypertonic solutions 3%NS 5%NS and D50W
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Complications of HyperNa
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Changes in LOC, cerebral edema, Seizures, abdominal cramping
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Potassium
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Level 3.5-5.0
Most abundent ICF Necessary for skeltal and cardiac muscle activity Neccesary for neuromuscular function 80 percent excreted by the kidneys Foods: bananna, apricots, dried fruits(rasiins, dates, prunes) cantalope |
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HypoK causes
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less than3.5mEq/L
GI loses: vomiting, diarrhea, NG suctioning, alkolosis. diuretics, steroids.PCN |
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HypoK manifestations
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anorexia N/V muscle weakness, Decreased bowel motility increased sensivity to Dig. EKG:
Uwaves depressed ST segment |
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HypoK management
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salt substitutes, IV infusion K K supplements,
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HyperK causes
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Impaired renal function, Lasix K sparing diuretics salt sbstitutes, acidosis tissue trauma
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HyperK manifestations
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CARDIAC, peaked narrow T waves on EKG, decreased QT interval, ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, paralysis, neasue vomiting
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HyperK management
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Nonacute: restrict K intake
Acute: Kayexalate ER: Ca gluconate IV bicarbonate, IV D50W with insulin |
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Calcium
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8.5-10.5
regulates muscle contractions sedative action on nerves role in blood coagulation helps hold bodt cells in place Major components of the teeth and bones Food: dairy products green leafy veggies |
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HypoCa causes
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hypothyroidism, surgical removal of the thyroid, radical neck dissection
massive amounts of citrated blood pancreatitis decreased vit.D intake antacids |
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HypoCa manifestations
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Tetany, muscle spasms, seizures, confusion, delirium
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HypoCa management
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IV Ca seizure precautions, Exercise to decrease bone loss, encourage the patient to stop smoking alcohol consumption and caffiene
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HyperCa causes
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hyperparathyroidism, malignant neoplasctic disease, immobilization with mulitple fractures, thiazide diuretics
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HyperCa manifestations
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muscle weakness, uncoordination, anorexia, constipation, severe thrist, polyuria, cardiac arrhythmia
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HyperCa management
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IV fluids to dilute Ca level and increase renal secretion
mobilzation restrict Ca intake |
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HyperCa interventions
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Increase po fluids increase Na intake to increase renal excretion
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Magnesium
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Level 1.5-2.5
secong must abundant ICF cation active for intracellular enzymes neuromusclar irriabilty and contractilty acts as a peripherial vasodilator deresing peripheral resistance of arties and arterioles Foods: bananas, legumes, nuts, chocolate |
