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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid base equilibria
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-arrhenius dissociation theory
- lowry-bronsted theory - lewis theory |
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arrhenius dissociation theory
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acid- liberates H in aq soln
base - liberates OH in aq soln |
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lowry bronsted theory
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more powerful applies to aqueous and non -aq
commonly used pharmaceutical and biologic sys acid- c or u capable of donating proton base - c or u capable of accepting a proton from an acid |
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conjugate acid base pair
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HA AND A-
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hydronium ion H3O +
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hydrated proton in water
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lewis theory
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acid- molecule.ion that accepts an electron pair from another atom
base - subs that donates an electron pair to be shared w/ another atom |
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H conc
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small
expressed in exponential notation as pH |
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pH
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logarithm of the receiprocal of the H conc
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pH value
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negative logarithm of H value
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dec pH
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inc H conc
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ionization
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complete separation of ions in a crystal lattice when salt is dissolved
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dissociation
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separation of ions in soln when the ions are assic by interionic attraction
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henderson hasselbach equation
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describes the relation between ionized and unionized species of a weak electrolyte
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degree of ionization
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fraction of a weak electrolyte that is ionized in soln depends solely on the pH of soln and pka oth the weak electrolyte
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inc pH
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inc solubility of weak acid
dec solubility of weak bases |
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buffer
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mixture of salt w/ acid air base that resist chgs in pH when small quantities of acid or bases are added
commonly prepared fr weak acid and their salts |
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weak bases
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unstable
volatile |
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buffer action
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resistance to a chg in pH
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buffer capacity
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ability of a buffer soln to resist chgs in pH
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smaller pH chg caused by addition of a given amt of acid or base
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inc buffer capacity of soln
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buffer capacity
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- # if g equivalents of an acid or bases that chgs the pH of 1L of buffer soln by 1 unit
-affected by conc of buffer constituents inc conc - inc acid or base reserve -depends in value of the ratio of salt to the acid form |
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inc viscosity of dispersion med
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dec rate of settling/ flotation
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rate of destabilization
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slowes by inc in viscosity
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coalescence
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-liq particle of dispersed phase merge to form larger particles
-prevented by interfacial film of surfactant around the droplets |
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film
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precents contact of the liw phase of the droplets
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