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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal ECG
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- Normal sinus rhythm
- Normal intervals - Normal axis |
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Normal sinus rhythm
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- P wave of sinus origin
- Constant and normal PR interval - Constant and normal PR interval - Constant P wave configuration - Rate between 60 to 100 BPM - Constant P-P (or R-R cycle varies less than 0.16 sec) |
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Normal intervals
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- PR interval 0.12 to 2.0 sec
- P interval 0.06 to 0.10 sec - QRS interval 0.6 to 0.10 sec - QT interval < 0.338 sec men and children - QT interval < 0.347 sec women - QTc < 0.42 sec |
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Normal axis
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- QRS axis (-30 or 0 to 90०)
- QRS-T angle < 60० - P axis (0 to 90०) |
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Borderline normal ECG or normal variant
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- Juvenile T wave pattern in children and young adults
- Early repolarization in young black males - High left ventricular voltage in children and young adults - Short PR interval - Right axis deviation in children and young adults - Sinus arrhythmia with or without wandering atrial pacemaker - Low voltage in obese individuals - First-degree AV block or Wenckebach AV block in children and young adults (rare) - Coronary sinus rhythm in children and young adults |
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Reversed right and left arms
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I(-), II(+), III(+), aVR(-), aVL(-), aVF(+)
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Reversed left and right legs
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I(+), II(+), III(+), aVR(-), aVL(-), aVF(+)
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Reversed right arm and right leg
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I(-), II(+), III(+), aVR(+), aVL(-), aVF(+)
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Reversed left arm and left leg
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I(+), II(+), III(-), aVR(-), aVL(+), aVF(-)
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Reversed left arm and right leg
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I(+), II(+), III(+), aVR(-), aVL(+), aVF(+)
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Reversed right arm and left leg
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I(-), II(-), III(-), aVR(+), aVL(-), aVF(-)
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Signs of artifact on ECG
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- ECG findings simulating cardiac arrhythmias
- Interference of electrical or extracardiac origin -- 60 cycle interference -- Somatic tremor, diaphragmatic flutter, hiccough -- Electrical Interference from equipment (monitors, pumps, ventilators) |
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Right Atrial Abnormality/Enlargement
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- Tent-shaped and tall (3 mm or more) P waves in leads II, III, and aVF
- Less commonly, a positive (upright) component of P waves in leads V1-2 with amplitude of 2 mm or more |
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Left Atrial Abnormality/Enlargement
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- Wide (3 mm or more) and notched P waves in leads I, II, and aVL (also leads III and aVF in some cases)
- Negative (inverted) component of P waves in leads V1-2, with a depth and width of 1 mm or more - Coarse atrial fibrillation (fibrillation waves in leads V1 or V2 of 1 mm or more) |
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Normal Sinus Rhythm
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- P wave of sinus origin (normal mean axis of the P wave)
- Constant and normal P-R interval (0.12 - 0.20 sec) - Constant P wave configuration in each given lead - Rate of 45 - 100 bpm (occasionally < 45 or > 100 bpm) - Regular P-P (or R-R) cycle (variation of P-P cycle < 0.16 sec) |
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Sinus Arrhythmia
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5 criteria of NSR are not met
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Sinus Bradycardia
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- P wave of sinus origin (normal mean axis of the P wave)
- Constant and normal P-R interval (0.12 - 0.20 sec) - Constant P wave configuration in each given lead - Rate < 60 bpm - Regular or slightly irregular P-P (or R-R) cycle |
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Sinus Tachycardia
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- P wave of sinus origin (normal mean axis of the P wave)
- Constant and normal P-R interval (0.12 - 0.20 sec) - Constant P wave configuration in each given lead - Rate 101 - 160 bpm (up to 200 bpm in some cases) (cycle length < 0.60 second) - Regular or slightly irregular P-P cycle |
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Sinus Pause or Arrest
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- Absence of P waves of sinus origin
- No relationship between the duration of sinus arrest and the basic P-P cycle - Common occurrence of AV junctional or ventricular escape beats - Chronic sinus arrest often leading to chronic AF |
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major criteria for Left Anterior Fascicular Block
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- Left axis deviation (-45 and -90 degrees)
- no inferior infarction |
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Diagnostic Criteria for LAFB
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- LAD
- qR complexes in leads I and aVL - rS complexes in leads II, III, aVF - QRS duration normal or slightly prolonged (80 - 110 ms) - delayed intrinsicoid deflection in lead aVL (> 0.045 s) - increased QRS voltage in the limb leads |
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Causes of tall R waves in V1 - V3
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- Posterior infarct
- Right Ventricular hypertrophy - Ventricular septal hypertrophy - Duchenne's dystrophy - Right bundle branch block - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Rightward cardiac displacement - misplacement of precordial leads - normal variant |
