Electricity

Front 1

What is electricity

Back 1

is a form of energy that when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects

Front 2

What is electric current?

Back 2

the flow of electricity along a conductor. Everything can be classified as a conductor or an insulator, depending on how easily an electric current can be transmitted through them.

Front 3

What are conductors?

Back 3

are any substances that easily transmit electricity. Most metals, especially copper are used in electric wiring and electric motors. The ionic compounds in water make it a good conductor.

Front 4

What are insulators or non conductors?

Back 4

a substance that does not easily transmit electricity. Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement

Front 5

What is a complete circuit?

Back 5

the path an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

Front 6

What is direct current (DC)?

Back 6

a constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction only. Flashlights, cell phones, and cordless drills use the direct current produced by batteries.

Front 7

What is a converter?

Back 7

an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current. Some cars have converters so they can plug in things that would normally be plugged in at home.

Front 8

What is alternating current?

Back 8

a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. This change in direction happens 60 times per second. Hair dryers and curling irons that plug into a wall use alternating current produced by mechanical generators.

Front 9

What is a rectifier?

Back 9

an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current. Battery chargers use a rectifier to convert the AC current from an electrical wall outlet to the DC current needed to recharge their DC batteries.

Front 10

What are volts?

Back 10

the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor, like water through a hose. Without pressure it won’t flow. More volts=more more pressure or force

Front 11

What are amps?

Back 11

the unit that measure the strength of an electric current (the number of electrons flowing through a wire). A wire must expand with increase in the amount of electrons (amps). A hair dryer rated at 12 amps must have a cord that is twice as thick as one rated at 5 amps, otherwise the cord might overheat and start a fire. Higher amp rating=a greater number of electrons and a stronger current.

Front 12

What is a Milliamphere?

Back 12

one thousandth of an amp. The current for the facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliamphers, an amp current would be much too strong and would damage the skin or body.

Front 13

What is an omh?

Back 13

a unit that measures the resistance of an electric current. Current will not flow through a conductor unless the force (volts) is stronger than the resistance (ohms)

Front 14

What is a Watt?

Back 14

a measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second. A 40-watt light bulb uses 40 watts of energy per second.

Front 15

What is a killowatt?

Back 15

1000 watts. The electricity in your house is measures per hour. A 1000 watt hair dryer uses 1000 watts per second.

Front 16

What is electrotherapy?

Back 16

electrical facial treatments, or modalities

Front 17

What is an electrode?

Back 17

an applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the client’s skin. Each modality (except high frequency) requires 2 electrodes-one negative one positive to conduct the flow of electricity through the body

Front 18

What is polarity?

Back 18

indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current. Positive is called Anode and is usually marked red, negative is called cathode, and it is usually black.

Front 19

Galvanic current

Back 19

Is the most commonly used. It is used for unblocking clogged pores and to drive solutions deeper into the epidermis. It is constant and DC, having a positive and negative pole and produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Front 20

Active electrode

Back 20

is the electrode used on the area to be treated

Front 21

inactive electrode

Back 21

is the opposite pole from the active electrode.
They produce exact opposite effects.

Front 22

What is iontophoresis?

Back 22

a term for the process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as that from the positive and negative poles of galvanic machine.

Front 23

What is cataphoresis?

Back 23

forces acidic substances into deeper tissues by using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative

Front 24

What is anaphoresis?

Back 24

the process of forcing alkaline liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole

Front 25

What is disincrustation?

Back 25

the process which uses the negative pole to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and the blackheads in the hair follicles. This process is frequently used to treat acne, milia, and comedones.

Front 26

What is faradic current?

Back 26

an alternating and interrupted current that produces mechanical reaction without the chemical effect. It is used during scalp and facial manipulations to cause visible muscular contractions. Benefits include: Improved muscle tone, removal of waste, increased blood circulation

Front 27

What is sinusoidal current?

Back 27

similar to faradic current and is also used during scalp and facial manipulations. It is an alternating current that produces mechanical contractions that tone the muscles. It is deeper penetrating and less irritating then faradic current.

Front 28

What is microcurrent?

Back 28

is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s own natural electrical impulses; It mimics the way the brain relays messages to the muscles

Front 29

What is Telsa high frequency and what is another name for it?

Back 29

is a thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration, It is commonly called the violet ray and is used for scalp and face.

Front 30

What is visible light and what percent makes up sunlight?

Back 30

is electromagnetic radiation that we can see. Makes up 35% of sunlight

Front 31

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Back 31

carries or radiates energy through space on waves

Front 32

What is a wavelegth?

Back 32

the distance between two successive waves

Front 33

What are UV rays? And what percent makes up sunlight?

Back 33

make up 5 percent of natural sunlight, they are shorter and penetrate less, and produce less heat than visible light, they also kill germs and produce chemical effects

Front 34

UVA rays

Back 34

longest of the UV rays and penetrates directly into the dermis, damaging the collagen and elastin

Front 35

UVB rays

Back 35

penetrate the epidermis to the basal layer stimulate melanin, and are the cause of most skin cancers

Front 36

UVC rays

Back 36

short rays blocked by the ozone layer, they have germicidal properties but in larger amounts they will eliminate life.

Front 37

What is light therapy and what is another name for it?

Back 37

Using rays to treat the skin. also called phototherapy.
UV rays for Psoriasis, bacteria on skin, and to produce vitamin D.
UV application should begin with 2-3 minutes with gradual increase

Front 38

Infared Rays, and % in sunlight

Back 38

make up 60% of sunlight, they have longer wavelengths penetrate deeper and produce more heat than visible light does. They are used in salons for heating conditioners and chemicals in hair, and in spas an sauna for relaxation and warming muscles

Front 39

Visable light rays

Back 39

are the primary light source used for facial and scalp treatments.

Front 40

White light

Back 40

is referred to as combination light because it is a combo of all the visible rays of the spectrum

Front 41

Blue light

Back 41

should be used only on an oily skin that is bare; it contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits

Front 42

Red light

Back 42

is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams. Red light penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat.

Front 43

Lasers

Back 43

are used to treat a variety of conditions. All lasers work by selective photothermolysis- a process that turns the light from the laser into heat.

Front 44

LED or Light
What colors go with what treatments?

Back 44

Blue-acne
Red-increasing circulation and improving the collagen content in the skin
Yellow-swelling and inflammation
Green-Hyperpigmentation

Front 45

IPL- Intense pulse light

Back 45

uses a broad spectrum of focused light to treat spider veins and hyperpigmentation