Electrical Stim

Front 1

True or False: Hydrochloric Acid is formed under the anode.

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

True or False: Deplorization occurs under the cathode.

Back 2

TRUE

Front 3

True or False: Monophasic waveforms are a form of galvanic or direct current.

Back 3

TRUE

Front 4

What parameters are used to treat edema with HVGC?

Back 4

Frequency-100-120 pps, pulse duration-40-100 microseconds, Amplitude-confortable tingling

Front 5

True or False: Electrical Stimulation strengthens muscle via the Gate theory.

Back 5

False: Overload or Specificity

Front 6

*True or False: A 1:5 ratio should be used when using ES on weak muscles.

Back 6

TRUE

Front 7

*True or False: When using AC to strengthen a small muscle, the pulse duration should be set at 150-200 microsec

Back 7

TRUE

Front 8

*True or False: When using AC to strengthen a small muscle, the amplitude should be set at 100 milliamps

Back 8

False: intensity is patient dependent. The amount of intensity should produce a contraction that is > 10% of the MVIC

Front 9

*True or False: TENS is a form of AC.

Back 9

TRUE

Front 10

*True or False: Conventional TENS incorporates the Gate theory.

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

*What pulse durations are used with sensory TENS?

Back 11

50-80 microseconds

Front 12

*What frequencies are used with High Rate TENS?

Back 12

100-150 pps

Front 13

*True or False: The amplitude for conventional TENS should produce a visible contraction.

Back 13

False, tingling

Front 14

*What pulse frequencies are used when using AC for muscle strengthening?

Back 14

35-80 pps

Front 15

*Frequencies between 35-50 pps produce what kind of muscle contraction?

Back 15

Tetanic

Front 16

*Which structure has a larger capacitance: muscle or nerve?

Back 16

Muscle

Front 17

What kind of current must be used to stimulate a denervated muscle?

Back 17

Low volt direct, you need a device that offers a long pulse duration to charge the capacitance.

Front 18

*What kind of current is used to deliver Interferential current?

Back 18

AC

Front 19

*Interferential current is used to treat what impairment?

Back 19

Deep pain

Front 20

*To prevent adaptation of the stimulus when using Conventional TENS, what feature is available?

Back 20

Modulation

Front 21

What does denervation cause in a muscle?

Back 21

Atrophy and fibrosis

Front 22

What kind of current is used to retard edema by pushing colloids out of the injured area?

Back 22

Monophasic, HVPC or HVGC

Front 23

What kind of current is used to deliver drugs transdermally?

Back 23

Low Volt DC

Front 24

*What happens to the depth of the current when the electrodes are placed close together?

Back 24

It is more shallow

Front 25

*What are the precautions for the use of ES?

Back 25

Cardiac disease, Malignant tumors, Skin irritation or open wounds, impaired mentation, impaired sensation

Front 26

*When ES is applied to produce a muscle contraction, one electrode should be placed over what structure?

Back 26

Motor Point

Front 27

*When stimulating larger muscle groups, it is more comfortable and effecitve if the electrodes are placed where?

Back 27

The electrodes should be placed over the proximal and distal ends of the muscle so that the current travels parallel to the direction of the muscle fibers.

Front 28

*What kinds of nerves are you stimulating when using low rate or acupunture TENS?

Back 28

Alpha motor and A delta

Front 29

*Explain why a patient may continue to have pain relief even after a TENS unit using Acupunture setting is turned off.

Back 29

Endogenous opioids have a half life of 4.5 hours.

Front 30

*True or False: Theoretically when using Convential TENS the pain should diminish as soon as the unit is turned on.

Back 30

True, but it might return as soon as the unit is turned off.

Front 31

*What are the two other names for Convential TENS?

Back 31

High rate and sensory TENS

Front 32

*What nerve are you trying to stimulate when using conventional TENS?

Back 32

A-beta

Front 33

*True or False, conventional TENS is best used for chronic pain.

Back 33

False, Acupuncture -like TENS is recommended for chronic pain

Front 34

*According to the Law of Dubois, what are the 3 parameters that are needed to create an action potential?

Back 34

Pulse duration, intensity and rate of rise

Front 35

*True or False: the risk of buring a patient is lower with AC then with DC.

Back 35

True

Front 36

If the dosage for iontophresis is 40 maMin and the patient can tolerate 2ma of current, how long would the treatment be?

Back 36

20 minutes

Front 37

What polarity does a colloid have when it takes on a water molicule?

Back 37

Negative

Front 38

What polarity is used during the proliferation phase of wound healing?

Back 38

Positive

Front 39

How far should the dispersive pad be placed from the drug delivery electrode when performing iontophoresis?

Back 39

A few inches away over a large muscle belly.

Front 40

True or False: the alkaline reaction is more uncomfortable then the acidic reaction during a DC treatment.

Back 40

True

Front 41

What is the recommended current density of the cathode when it is the delivery electrode during iontophoresis?

Back 41

0.5 mA/cm2

Front 42

What polarity does the medication dexamethasone have?

Back 42

Negative