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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the elbow complex includes: |
-3 bones -3 ligaments -2 joints -1 joint capsule |
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the bones of the elbow |
-humerus -ulna -radius |
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the ligaments of the elbow |
-medial collateral ligament -lateral collateral ligament -annular ligament |
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the joints of the elbow |
-humeroradial/humeroulnar -radioulnar |
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the elbow |
-a uniaxial hinge joint that allows flexion and extension -the articulation of the humerus with the radius and ulna |
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elbow hyperextension |
-not active -blocked by the olecranon process -caused by laxity of ligaments |
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the radioulnar joint |
-proximal and distal articulations that are functionally considered one joint -radius rotates around the ulna |
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carrying angle |
-in anatomical position it's the longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm -tends to be greater in women than men -5 deg. in males -10 to 15 deg. in females occurs because the distal end of the humerus isn't level -functional in getting hand to mouth |
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medial collateral ligament |
-spans medial side of elbow -attaches on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and runs obliquely to the medial side of the coronoid process and olecranon process of the ulna -provides medial elbow stability |
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lateral collateral ligament |
-aka radial collateral ligament -spans lateral side -attaches proximally on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distally on the annular ligament -provides lateral elbow stability |
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annular ligament |
-attaches anterior and posterior to the radial notch of the ulna -encompasses the radial head and holds it against the ulna |
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interosseous membrane |
-broad, flat membrane located between the radius and ulna for most of their length -keeps the two bones from separating -provides more surface area for attachment of the forearm and wrist muscles |
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lateral epicondylitis |
-aka tennis elbow -very common overuse condition -affects the common extensor tendon when it inserts on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus -the extensor carpi radialis brevis is particularly affected -common in racquet sports and other repetitive wrist extension activities |
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medial epicondylitis |
-aka golfer's elbow -an inflammation of the common flexor tendon that inserts on the medial epicondyle -an overuse condition -results in tenderness over the medial epicondyle and pain on resisted wrist flexion |
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little league elbow |
-overuse injury of the medial epicondyle -caused by repetitive throwing motion -seen in young baseball players who have not reached skeletal maturity -lateral compression and medial distraction on the joint caused by valgus stress from throwing |
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pulled elbow |
-aka nursemaid's elbow -seen in young children under the age of 5 -caused by a sudden strong traction force on the arm -often occurs when an adult suddenly pulls the child's arm or when a child falls away from an adult while being held by the arm |
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elbow dislocation |
-caused when a great deal of force is applied to an elbow that is in a slightly flexed position -causes the ulna to slide posterior to the distal end of the humerus -potential damage to the brachial artery because of close proximity |
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supracondylar fractures |
-among the most common fractures seen in children -caused by falling on an outstretched hand -distal end of the humerus fractures just above the condyles -potential damage to the brachial artery because of close proximity |
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volkmann's ischemic contracture |
a rare but potentially devastating ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles |
