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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morpheme
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A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. (talk, -s, -er, -ing, re-, -ed, open)
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What is the relationship between -ly and -li called?
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They are Allomorphs of the same Morpheme.
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-s and -es are:
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Allomorphs of the same Morpheme.
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T/F: Morpheme division always corresponds with syllable division.
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False; no, not necessarily.
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Free Morpheme
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Can stand by itself (ex. open)
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Bound Morpheme
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Can't stand by itself (ex. -es)
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What are the 2 kinds of Free Morphemes?
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Lexical & Functional
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What kinds of Bound Morphemes are there?
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Roots & Affixes
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What are Lexical Morphemes?
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Content words/open classes; convey significant semantic information;
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What kind of Morphemes are verbs, nouns, adverbs, and adjectives?
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Lexical
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T/F: Lexical morphemes freely admit new members.
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True.
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T/F: Functional morphemes freely admit new members.
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False.
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What kind of morphemes are conjunctions, prepositions, articles, demonstratives, auxiliary verbs, and pronouns?
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Functional
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Give an example of a failed attempt to create a new Functional Morpheme:
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Feminists tried to create non-gendered pronoun "co"
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What is it called when we leave out Functional categories in newspaper headings, etc?
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Telegram Language
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Does English have infixes?
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No
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Infix
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Inserting a morpheme into the middle of a word.
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What kind of Affixes are Prefixes?
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Derivational
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Derivational Affixes
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Derive or form new words, when added to a morpheme or word; not just a different form of the same word.
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What kind of Affixes often change the word's part of speech?
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Derivational
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-ly, -ness, -ize, re- are examples of what kind of Affixes?
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Derivational.
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-er as in "one who does something" (e.g. runner) is what kind of Affix?
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Derivational
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Inflectional Affixes
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Don't form new words, just different forms of the same word.
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List the 8 Inflectional Affixes:
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1. -s--plural nouns
2. -'s--possessive nouns 3. -s/-es--third person singular, present tense verbs (ex. runs, does) 4. -ed--past tense verbs 5. -ing--present participle verbs 6. -ed/-en--past participle verbs 7. -er--comparative (ex. faster) 8. -est--superlative ("the most") |
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When do past participle verbs usually occur?
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After "be" in the passive or "have" in the perfect.
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Passive =
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"Be" + Past Participle
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Perfect =
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"Have" + Past Participle
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Progressive =
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"Be" + Past Participle
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What is typically the rule for adding -er or -est to words?
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If it is one or two syllables you can add them; if more than 3 syllables, you must put "more" in front instead.
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What are the 2 different kinds of approaches to the Division of Morphemes?
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1. Synchronic approach
2. Diachronic approach |
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Synchronic approach to the Division of Morphemes.
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Same time; presen
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Diachronic approach to the Division of Morphemes.
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Across time; looks at historic meanings.
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What are the 3 tests to for the way to divide morphemes.
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1. Each candidate for a morpheme has a meaning.
2. Each candidate for a morpheme occurs w/ the same meaning in other words. 3. The meaning of the word is the sum of the morpheme's meanings. |
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If you have both Derivational & Inflectional Morphemes, which must always come first?
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The Derivationals (once an Inflectional is added, nothing more can be added.)
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T/F: Morphemes can only attach to certain parts of speech.
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True.
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What is useful for correctly learning vocabulary?
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Morphology.
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What do the names "Christopher" and "Columbus" mean?
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"Christ Bearer" and based on Latin root for "Dove"
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