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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonology
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Description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in language.
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T/F: Phonology is theoretical and abstract.
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True.
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T/F: Phonology is the same as Phonetics.
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False.
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T/F: Phonology is in the minds of native speakers.
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True.
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Phoneme
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A meaning-distinguishing sound in a language; abstractions that aren't always articulated the same way.
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Minimal Pairs
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Words where all the sounds between them are the same except for the sound that you're testing. (ex. tip vs. dip)
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What are the actual articulations of phonemes called?
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Phones
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How are Phones represented?
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In brackets. [ ]
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What is it called when there is more than phone for a phoneme
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Allophones of the same Phoneme.
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What is different between the "p" in pin and the "p" in spin?
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The "p" in pin is aspirated, the "p" in spin is not.
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Why are the aspirated "p" in pin, and the unaspirated "p" in spin Allophones of the same phoneme?:
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Because the meaning is changed by the phoneme;
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In some languages like Korean, /l/ and /r/ are:
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Allophones of the same phoneme.
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T/F: Allophones of the same phoneme don't change meaning.
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True.
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Sequential Constraints
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Constraints of possible sequence of sounds in a given language.
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What affects the pronunciation of words that languages borrow from each other?
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Sequential Constraints; we usually make words fit our own SCs.
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Why aren't the "g" in gnostic or the "p" in psychology pronounced?
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Because it isn't part of the Sequential Constraints of English.
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Assimilation
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A phonological process in which a sound is influenced by a neighboring sound and copies a particular feature.
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What are the 2 subtypes of Assimilation?
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Regressive & Progressive
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Regressive Assimilation
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When a following sound affects a preceding sound.
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The fact that the ε in [pεn] copies the nasalization of /n/ is an example of:
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Regressive Assimilation.
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The fact that the /η/ in [iηk] copies the place of articulation of /k/ (both are velars) is an example of:
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Regressive Assimilation.
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Why do we say "impossible" instead of "inpossible"?
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Because of Assimilation; the Place of Articulation is copied (both are bilabials).
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Why do we say "illegal" instead of "inlegal?"
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Assimilation; Manner of articulation is copied.
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In American English, what situation is "ripe for palatalization"?
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Alveolar Fricative or Stop followed by a High Front Vowel or a Palatal Glide.
(ex. tissue--/tIšju/ instead of /tIsju/ (how some Brits say it)) |
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Give an example of a language that doesn't palatalize.
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Spanish.
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"Did you come?" being pronounced as "/dIdĵu kǝm/" is an example of
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Palatalization (and Regressive Assimilation?)
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"What is your name?" being pronounced as "/wǝčǝr nǝm/ is an example of:
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Palatalization (and Regressive Assimilation?)
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"Hoosier Schoolmaster" being confused as "Who's Your Schoolmaster" is an example of
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Palatalization.
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Why do some dialects change "with you" to "witchoo"?
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Because they don't pronounce the Θ and instead make it a /t/, so the following sound is Palatalized.
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Progressive Assimilation
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When a preceding sound influences a following sound.
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The fact that the "s" in cats is voiceless because the /t/ is voiceless is an example of:
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Progressive Assimilation.
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The fact that the "s" in dogs is voiced because the /g/ is voiced is an example of:
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Progressive Assimilation.
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Why is the /t/ in "matched" voiceless?
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Because the /č/ is voiceless (Progressive Assimilation.)
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Dissimilation
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When a sound becomes LESS similar to a neighboring sound.
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"Chimney" being pronounced as "chimley" or "chimbley" is an example of:
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Dissimilation. ("m" & "n" both nasals)
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"Fifth" being pronounced as "fift" is an example of:
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Dissimilation ("f" & "t" are both voiceless fricatives.)
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Elision
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aka Segment Deletion; often occurs with words ending in t or d consonant clusters.
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"Memory" pronounced as "mem'ry" is an example of:
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Elision/Segment Deletion
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Sherbet pronounced as "sherbert" is an example of:
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Segment Addition.
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What do we often insert, that has the same place of articulation as the preceding nasal?
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A stop.
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"Samson" pronounced as "Sampson" is an example of:
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Segment Addition
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What's an example of an Alveolar Segment Addition?
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Sense-->Scents
Mince-->Mints |
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What's an example of a Velar Segment Addition?
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Youngster-->Younkster
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Metathesis
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Movement of a phoneme from one place to another.
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Saying "aminal" instead of animal is an example of:
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Metathesis.
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Saying "preform" instead of "perform" is an example of:
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Metathesis.
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Saying "psghetti" instead of "spaghetti" is an example of:
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Metathesis.
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Saying "Wendsday" instead of "Wednesday" is an example of:
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Metathesis.
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Saying "aks" instead of "ask" is an example of:
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Metathesis.
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What was the word for "bird" before Metathesis was used on it?
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Brid.
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What was the word for "horse" before Meathesis was used on it?
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Hros
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