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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The CardioVascular System is a closed system consisting or what? |
Blood vessels and the Heart |
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Arteries and Veins are connected by smaller structures called what? |
Capillaries |
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Where are electrolytes exchanged across cell membranes? |
Capillaries |
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Where is waste product exchanged to rid the body of waste? |
Capillaries |
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What are the 3 layers of Blood Vessel walls? |
Tunica Externa Tunica Media Tunica Intima |
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Which vessels carry oxygenated blood under high pressure away from the Heart? |
Arteries |
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Which vessels bring deoxygenated blood under low pressure to the Heart? |
Veins |
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Why is the duration of the Diastolic phase important? |
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What is the amount of blood ejected from either ventricle with a single contraction called? |
Stroke Volume |
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What are the three factors that affect and determine Stroke Volume? |
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Stroke Volume can be increased considerably by increasing the blood volume that fills the ventricles and thus increasing the amount of myocardial muscle fiber stretch. This concept is known as? |
Starling's Law of the Heart |
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Which Stroke Volume factor is influenced by the amount of venous blood return there is and the pressure under which the ventricle fills? |
Preload |
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Which Stroke Volume factor is the resistance against which the ventricles contract and is determined by Systemic Arterial Resistance? |
Afterload |
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Which Stroke Volume factor is the intrinsic state of the Heart muscle's force of contraction, also called the Heart's contractile, or inotropic, state? |
Cardiac Contractility |
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Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR) determines what? |
Cardiac Output (CO) (the amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system per minute) CO = SV x HR |
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What is the ability to generate an electrical impulse independently of stimulation by the Nervous System called? |
Automaticity |
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What is the ability of cells to respond to electrical stimulation called? |
Excitability |
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What is the ability to pass or propagate (spread) an electrical impulse from cell to cell through the Heart called? |
Conductivity |
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What is located in the upper portion of the Right Atrium, is considered the dominate pacemaker and the intrinsic rate is 60-100bpm? |
SinoAtrial Node |
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What spreads impulses across the atrial muscle and electrical impulses between the SA and AV Nodes? |
Internodal Pathways |
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What slows down conduction before impulses are carried to the ventricles, has an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm, and has part of an area called the AV Junctional Tissue? |
AtrioVentricular Node |
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What are a bundle of fibers that extend directly from the AV node that connect the Atria and Ventricles electronically called? |
Bundle of His |
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Where are electrical impulses carried to the interventricular septum and to each ventricle? |
Bundle Branches |
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What is a network of fibers that spread electrical impulses throughout the ventricular walls and has an intrinsic rate of 20-40 bpm called? |
Purkinje System |
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The electrical charge of a cell is changed by the electrolyte concentration shift on either side of the cell membrane. The change in electrical change stimulates the muscle fiber to contract. What is this process called? |
Depolarization |
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What is the process of reestablishing the internal negative charge of the cell called? |
Repolarization |
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After depolarization, what must return to their resting state of internal negativity for further depolarization to occur? |
Myocardial Cells |
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What are the steps of Depolarization? |
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Movement of electrolytes across myocardial cells produces a flow of electrical current and creates what? |
Electrical Field |
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True/False: Depolarization and Repolarization can be seen in the ECG. |
True |
