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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What rhythm measures ventricular rates? |
SINUS RHYTHM |
SR |
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What 2 rhythms is related to Atrial Rates? |
A Flutter & A Fib |
A F A F |
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Which 4 Rhythms are irregular ? |
Sinus Arrhythmia Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Junctional Tachycardia |
SA AF AF JT |
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What 8 rhythms are REGULAR ? |
Sinus Rhythm Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Tachycardia AVNRT Atrial Tachycardia Junctional Brady Junctional Escape Rhythm Accelerated Junctional Rhythm |
SR SB ST AVNRT AT JB JER AJR |
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What is A condition in which cardiac cells (not normally assoc. w/ the property of automaticity) begin to depolarize spontaneously or when escape pacemaker sites increase their firing rate beyond that considered normal. |
Abnormal Automaticity |
When other cardiac cells start firing spontaneously that normally don’t or when pacemaker sites increase firing rather more than normal |
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What is An extra bundle of working myocardial tissue that forms a connection b/w the Atria & ventricles outside the normal conduction system ? |
ACCESSORY PATHWAY aka: BYPASS TRACT |
Aka Bypass tract |
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What is a terms used to describe a rhythm that originates above the ventricles & transmits an impulse along a pathway outside the AV node & Bundle of His |
Preexcitation |
—this supraventricular impulse EXCITES the ventricles EARLIER than normal |
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What is a disorder of impulse conduction that results from the spread of an impulse through tissue already stimulated by that same impulse? |
Reentry |
Another word for going back in? Re- ? |
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What is the timed delivery of a shock to the heart by means of a defibrillator to terminate a rapid dysrhythmia ? |
Synchronized Cardioversion |
S.C |
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What is the Type of preexcitation pattern, characterized by a short PR interval, a slurred upstroke of the QRS complex (delta wave) & a wide QRS complex? |
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern |
WPW pattern |
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What is the atria? |
Thin walled, low pressure chambers that receive blood from systemic circulation & lungs. |
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What is the percentage of blood flow that directly flows through the atria into the ventricles before the atria contract? |
70% |
Percentage ? |
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When the atria contacts about how much additional blood is added to the filling of the ventricles? |
30% |
Percentage? |
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What is the term for blood being pushed into the ventricles b/c of atrial contraction? |
Atrial Kick |
During diastole when ventricles fill — a kick. |
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What is atrial dysrhythmia? |
Reflects abnormal electrical impulse formation & conduction in the atria |
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What are the 3 Atrial Dysrhythmia Mechanisms? |
Abnormal Automaticity Triggered Activity Reentry |
A.A T.A R.E |
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What are the 2 disorders in IMPULSE FORMATION? |
Abnormal Automaticity Triggered Activity |
A.A T.A |
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What is a disorder in IMPULSE CONDUCTION? |
Reentry |
R.E |
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True or False? Most atrial dysrhythmias aren’t life threatening, but some may be assoc. w/ extremely fast ventricular rates. |
True |
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What is the pattern when there are 2 Premature beats in a row? |
Paired beats (Couplet) |
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What is the pattern with 3 or more Premature beats in a row ? |
Runs or BURSTS |
Bu.... 💥 |
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What is the pattern when Every other beat is a premature beat? |
Bigeminy |
Bi....... |
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What is the pattern when every 3rd beat is a premature beat? |
Trigeminy |
Tri....... |
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What is the pattern when Every 4th beat is a premature beat? |
Quadrigeminy |
Quad...... |
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What arrhythmia begins above the bundle of His? |
Supraventricular arrhythmia |
Supra............ arrhythmia |
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What arrhythmia includes rhythms that begin in the SA node, atrial tissue or the AV junction? |
Supraventricular |
Sup................ |
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What is the term that includes supraventricular rhythms w/ a ventricular rate faster than 100bpm at REST? |
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) |
SVT |
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True or False Some SVTs need the AV node to sustain the rhythm & some do not. |
True |
T |
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True or false AVNRT & AVRT require the AV node as part of the reentry circuit to continue the tachycardia. |
True |
T Need the AV node to sustain the rhythm |
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True or false Atrial Tachycardia, atrial flutter & A Fib arises from a site (or sites) within the atria; they don’t need the AV node to sustain the rhythm. |
True |
T
They only use AV node to conduct rhythm to ventricles. |
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What do the signs & symptoms experienced by a patient with a Tachycardia depend on ? (4) |
Ventricular rate How long the tachycardia lasts The patients general health The presence of underlying heart disease. (Signs and symptoms will likely happen resulting from rapid rate) |
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What is the most common type of SVT? |
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia AVNRT |
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True or False AVNRT begins in the area of the AV node, the impulse spreads to the atria & ventricles at almost the same time. |
True |
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True or false ST segment changes (usually depression) are common in patients with SVTs, which are thought to be the result of repolarization changes. |
True |
T |
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What is the second most common type of SVT? |
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia . (AVRT) |
Similar to AVNRT |
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What is another word for accessory pathways? |
Bypass tracts |
BT |
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Where are accessory pathways normally found ? |
The left side of the heart |
Left or Right side of ❤️? |
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What are the 4 components involved in AVRT? |
The atrium The normal AV node The ventricle An accessory pathway |
At..... AV N..... Ven...... Acces....... Path...... |
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What is the most common form of preexcitation? |
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern |
WPW |
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The WPW pattern includes a Triad of findings that’s consist of the following: |
A short PR interval A delta wave A wide QRS complex |
3 things: Is a short or long PRI? Is there a delta wave? Is the QRS wide or regular? |
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True or False: WPW is associated with AVRT |
True |
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What is atrial flutter? |
A reentrant rhythm in which an irritable site within the atria fires regularly at a very rapid rate |
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What is the Atrial Flutter Rate? |
240-300 BPM |
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True or False: Is Atrial Fibrillation the most common in dysrhythmia treated in clinic & the most common for which patients are hospitalized? |
True |
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What is the Rate for Atrial Fibrillation? |
300-600 BPM |
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True or false Rapid impulses cause the muscles of the atria to quiver/fibrillate, resulting in: ineffectual atrial contraction, decreased stroke volume, a decrease in cardiac output & a loss of Atrial Kick. |
True |
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True or false Synchronized Cardioversion should be considered if the patient with A Fib has serous signs & symptoms b/c of the rapid ventricular rate? |
True |
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What risk does both pharmacologic or electric Cardioversion carry? |
Thromboembolism |
What another word for clot? Starts with a T |
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What is recommended before attempting conversions of AFib to a sinus rhythm when the duration of the AFib exceed 48 hours? |
Anticoagulation |
What’s the word for against clots. |
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What is the procedure that is recommended for patients with AFib w/ WPW syndrome & a history of syncope cause by rapid heart rate? |
Catheter Ablation |
Cath...... Abl......... |
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What are some reasons the AV junction may assume responsibility for pacing the heart? |
•The SA node fails to discharge (sinus arrest) •An impulse from the SA node is generated but blocked as it exits the SA node (SA Block) •the rate of discharge of the SA node is slower than that of the AV junction (Sinus Brady) •An impulse from the SA node is generated & is conducted through the atria but isn’t conducted to the ventricles (AV block) |
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True or false: If the AV junction paces the heart, the electrical impulse must travel in a backward (Retrograde) direction activate the atria. |
True |
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What rhythm causes p waves to be inverted? |
Junctional |
J |
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True or false: SA assoc. w/ the phases of breathing & changes in Intrathoracic pressure is called “Respiratory sinus Arrhythmia” |
True |
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What is sinus Arrhythmia unrelated to the ventilator cycle called ? |
Nonrespiratory sinus Arrhythmia |
NSA |
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What is the most common type of sinus Arrhythmia? |
Respiratory sinus Arrhythmia |
RSA (Most common in children & young adults) |
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What is the sinus Arrhythmia in which the heart rate increases with inspiration (R-R intervals shorten) & decreases with expiration (R-R intervals lengthen) . The changes in rhythm disappear when patients hold their breath. |
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia |
RSA |
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True or false Sinoatrial Block is irregular as a result of the pause(s) caused by the sinoatrial block —— the pause is the same as, or an exact multiple of, the distance b/w 2 other R-R intervals |
True |
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True or false Sinus arrest is irregular, the pause is of undetermined length, more than one PQRST complex is missing. |
True |
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