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25 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What are the parts of a nucleotide?
nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate grp
What are the 4 + 1(rna) nucleotides?

What are the 4 + 1 (rna) nucleosides?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil

Adenosine, Cytidine, Guanosine, Thymidine, Uridine
What is the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?
Nucleosides are nucleotides without the phosphate group.
Pyrimidines

Purines
Cytosine, Thymine

Adenine, Guanine
What kind of bond links each nucleotide and where is it?
Phosophodiester bond between the phosphate group and the 3rd carbon of the pentose sugar. 5'-3'
How are the two strands of DNA held together?
Hydrogen bonds.
How many bonds are formed between complimentary base pairs?
A to T: 2 H bonds
C to G: 3 H bonds
Which enzyme unzips DNA in preparation for replication?
DNA Helicase
Which enzyme creates the new complimentary DNA strand?
DNA polymerase
Moves 3'-5' and polymerizes 5'-3'
What is the complex (DNA during replication along with the required enzymes) called?
Replisome
The strand which is being polymerized continuously in the 5' to 3' manner is called...
Leading strand
The strand which is polymerized in fragments is called...
Lagging strand
Which enzyme links the various fragments on the lagging strand together?
DNA ligase
The promoter binds here
Consensus sequence
What is a difference between transcription and replications?
There is no proofreading system for transcription. RNA has a 1/2 life of 30 minutes.
Ribosome has two subunits. The large one has which sites?
P site and A site.

A = amino acid site
P = polypeptide site
The start codon is
AUG or methionine
The complimentary of the start codon is ___ and it is called the ____.
CAU - read 5' to 3', sits in the P site
anti-codon
Where does translation take place?
Cytosol - protein translated here is usually used here
RER - thrusted into lumen
Mutation in the chromosome is called?
Chromosomal aberration
Name disorders caused by chromosomal aberrations.
Downs Syndrome - trisomy 21
Name some base pair mutations
insertion, deletion
Which chromosome pair designates gender in humans?
Chromosome pair 23, XY, XX
What are the phases of mitosis?
Remember PMAT:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens during prophase?
Nuclear membrane disintegrates
chrom condense
centriole move to opposite poles of cell
spindle apparatus are formed by microtubules