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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how does Naval Oceanography support the Information Dominance mission?
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the Head of Oceanographic Community serves on a flag panel that overseas corps issues; provides oversight of all Info Dominance Corps activities.
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discuss the various types of METOC (meteorology and oceanography) products available through the Navy Oceanography Portal (NOP)
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the products are: Storm warnings, command information, and detailed forecast information for specified areas. Buoy information, atmospheric models, radar pictures, ocean models, navigation hazards and climatology reports.
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Discuss GOES (geostationary operational environmental satellite)
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operated by U.S. national environmental satellite, data, and info services (NESDIS), supports weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research.
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discuss POES (polar operational environmental satellite)
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operates a constellation of weather satellites in polar orbits around earth.
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discuss DMSP (defense meteorological satellite program)
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monitors meteorological, ocenaographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the U.S. DoD. They provide cloud cover imagery from polar orbits and relay important weather and climate data to war fighters for more effective military ops.
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discuss NPOESS (national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system.
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was toe be U.S. next-generation satellite system, dissolved by white house.
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discuss TRMM (tropical rainfall measuring mission)
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joint space mission between NASA and japan aerospace exploration agency to monitor and study tropical rainfall.
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wind direction/speed
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direction from which wind blowing, rate of motion of air on unit of time, commonly measured in MPH
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temperature - ambiant air
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temperature of surroundings
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temperature - wind chill
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air temp felt on exposed skin due to wind, usually lower than air temp
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temperature - heat stress
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effect of excessive heat on body
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precipitation
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all forms of water, liquid or solid, that falls from clouds to the ground
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relative humidity
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ratio of actual vapor pressure of air to saturation vapor pressure
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sky condition
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a description of the appearance of the sky
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atmospheric pressure
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pressure exerted by atmosphere at a given point
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air mass
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extensive body of air throughout which the horizontal temp and moisture characteristics are similar
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cold front
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leading edge of advancing cold air mass
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warm front
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leading edge of advancing warm air mass
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occluded front
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complex front formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front
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restricted visibility
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condition of limited visibility due to mist, fog, rain, ect
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sunrise/sunset
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sun rises in the east and sets in the west
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moonrise/moonset
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first appearance/disappearance of moon over earths horizon
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lunar illumination
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reflection of moonlight
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tropical depression
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individual thunderstorms that are grouped together. max sustained surface winds are 38 MPH
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tropical storm
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winds between 39-73 MPH
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hurrican/typhoon
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sustained winds of at least 74 MPH
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thunderstorm
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characterized by lightning
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tornado/waterspout
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violent, dangerous, rotating collumn of air, in contact with both surface of earth and a cumulonimbus cloud. must have wind speeds less than 110 MPH. / funnel shaped cloud that occurs over water.
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funnel cloud
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funnel-shaped cloud, extending from cloud bu NOT reaching the ground.
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effects of weather on military operations caused by: visibility
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varying degrees of concealment, reduce effects of thermal radiation, favors defenders.
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effects of weather on military operations caused by: precipitation
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mobility, personnel and equipment, attenuation of electromagnetic waves, flooding
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effects of weather on military operations caused by: winds
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visibility by blowing dust, snow, ect. air drops.
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effects of weather on military operations caused by: cloud cover
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reduces visibility
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effects of weather on military operations caused by: temperature and humidity
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tactical ops, can make closed vehicles uninhabitable
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discuss ocean eddies. (cold and warm)
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swirling of fluid and reverse current created when fluid flows past an obstacle. cold - cyclonic, seen in gulf stream, spin counterclockwise. warm - anticyclonic, spin clockwise.
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bathythermograph
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temp sensor, detects changes in water temp verses depth. records pressure and temp changes as it drops through the water.
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sea wave
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waves generated by the wind in the local area
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wave height
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difference between elevation of a crest and a neighboring trough
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wave period
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measures size of wave in time; measured by picking a stationary point and counting seconds it takes for two consecutive crests or troughs to pass it.
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swell wave
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seas that have moved out and away from area in which they were formed
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SST (sea surface temp)
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water temp close to the surface
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ebb
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the receding or outgoing tide
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flood
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the incoming or rising tide
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high
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if on coast and moon is directly overhead, should experience a high tide
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low
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tide at its lowest level at a particular time and place
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Currents - open ocean
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organized flows that persist over some geographical region and over some time period such that water is transported from one part of the ocean to another.
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currents - littoral
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wave that strikes beach at an angle
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currents - rip
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strong channel of water flowing seaward from near the shore
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surf zone
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when ocean surface waves come closer to shore and break, forming foamy, bubbly surface called surf.
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breaker type - spilling
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crest undergoes deformation and destabilizes, resulting in spilling over front of wave
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breaker type - plunging
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crest of wave curls over and crashes into base of wave, creating sizable splash
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breaker type - surging
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on steeper beaches, a wave might advance up without breaking at all. deforms and flattens from the bottom.
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ocean fronts
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ocean boundaries between water masses of different density (permanent or transient)
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ocean bottom - topography
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starts with the outer continental shelf followed by the continental slopes, and subsequently the ocean floor
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ocean bottom - composition
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"terrigenous" describes sediments derived from eroded material on land "biogenic" from biological matter, "volcanogenic" significant amounts of ash, "hydrogenous" precipitate directly from sea water, and "cosomogenic" comes from interstellar space.
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discuss how the ocean surface, subsurface, and littoral impacts the environment and operations
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relative sea state is a major factor in determining the feasibility of naval operations and functionality of maritime weapons platforms.
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discuss thermal layers in the ocean - mixed layer.
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layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The top 2.5 meter of ocean holds as much heat as the entire atmosphere above it, thus it is very important for determining temp range in oceanic and coastal regions.
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discuss thermal layers in the ocean - thermocline
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thin but distinct layer in large body of water, temp changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below. characterized by a negative sound speed gradient, making it important in submarine warfare because it can reflect active sonar and other acoustic signals.
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discuss thermal layers in the ocean - deep layer
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lowest layer in the ocean, at depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 meters) or more. little or no light penetrates this area of the ocean and most organisms rely on falling organic matter produced in photic zone for subsistence.
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discuss effects and significance of the following parameters on transmission of sound in seawater: temperature, pressure, and salinity
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temperature - primary controller of sound speed and direction in upper 300 m. Pressure - pressure increases with depth and sound speed increases with pressure. Salinity - effect is greatest when there is significant influx on fresh water or surface evaporation creates high salinity.
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discuss the basic relationship of METOC to Geospatial Intel
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METOC data is considered an intelligence layer of GEOINT info base.
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: anti-submarine warfare ops
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variances in temp, salinity, and pressure will slightly affect travel and comms of subs and all ops with them
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: naval special warfare ops
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target area of environmental conditions include terrain restrictions, time of day, adverse weather, seasonal and temp effects.
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: mine warfare ops
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several METOC considerations. surface winds, wave action, prevailing visibility, hours of daylight, and tides.
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: air defense ops
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visibility, accuracy, coms, ect
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: info warfare ops
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accurate weather info can increase the probability of success and enable friendly forces to exploit weather-induced limitations of enemy forces and systems. can also assist in forecasting the electro-optical environment.
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: humanitarian assistance / disaster relief ops
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identifying METOC conditions in order to successfully identify areas where forces can and may go, how to get supplies/materials to the right places, and the environmental impacts to ops planning.
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describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area: chemical, biological, nuclear warfare
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consider requirements to move and decontaminate personnel, vehicles, and equipment in support of evacuation, redeployment, or any movement from a contaminated site.
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discuss standard refraction and its influence
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influence on temp, moisture and pressure, index of refraction decreases with altitude (wave will bend downward from a strait line)
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discuss super refraction
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moisture and pressure causes radar waves to bend more towards the earths surface than under normal conditions.
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discuss sub-refraction
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cause radar waves to be refracted upward and away from the earths surface
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discuss trapping
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trapped between two areas, the earths surface or upper boundary of another layer, trapping can significantly extend radar ranges
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Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them: COR5
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not anticipated within the next 72 hours
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Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them: COR4
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possible threat of destructive winds within 72 hours
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Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them: COR3
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destructive winds possible within 48 hours
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Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them: COR2
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destructive winds anticipated within 24 hours
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Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them: COR1
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destructive winds anticipated within 12 hours
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describe the criteria and weather conditions associated with each of the following warnings and how they impact your ops at your stations. small craft, gale, storm, local wind advisory, high seas, severe thunderstorm/tornado, thunderstorm, hurricane/typhoon, extreme temp, heavy snow, flash flood, hazardous surf, Tsunami, earthquake
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*big ass answer
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nautical almanac
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provides US Navy with a convenient form of astronomical date used for celestial navigation
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astronomical almanac
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data for eclipses and other astronomical phenomena about the sun, moon, planets, satellites
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