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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Levallois Industry
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-Made multiple tools with one stone
-hunter gatherers -Evidence for people living along the Nile |
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Hammerstone and Punch
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-evidence for some mining activities
-can strike off longer blades -used bone on stone -microlith industry appearing- embedded into things like sickles using bitumen or something -Hunter gatherers very insular |
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Taramsa
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Oldest burial in Africa
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Wild Nile
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Exceptionally High Floods
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Qadan Cemetary
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-Near the 2nd cataract
-about 1/2 of them had some sort of violent death |
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Neolithic
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-8800-4700 BCE
-People started to domesticate plants and animals -had pottery -Allowed to settle down -Earliest Neolithic cultures emerged in the western desert no along the Nile -Shallow wells -Wattle and daub architecture -People moved to the Nile and Faiyum in 5450 BCE |
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Paleolithic
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-700,000 - 7,000 BP
-Old Stone Age -Stone tools -Knapped -Acheulean Industry, Levallois Industry, and Hammerstone and Punch |
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Late Paleolithic
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-24,000 - 10,000 BP
-Lots of sites in upper Egypt found but very few in Lower because of perservating conditions (silt covering up?) -ground stone tools beginning to be found- means people are settling down |
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Faiyum
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-Earliest evidence for agriculture in the north
-Sheep, goat, cattle, and pigs -clear evidence for trade |
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Predynastic
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5300-3000 BCE
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Badarian
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-4400-4000
-1st identified at Badari -A phase of the predynastic -Agriculture along the Nile in the south -people could have come from various places -cemetaries- pit burials with people in contracted positions- usually buried on a mat- unequal distribution of wealth- art and adornment objects -Pottery- used burnishing- gives it a glossy look |
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Naqada Period
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-4000-3200
-A type site -Naqada excavate by Petrie- Potter seriation -Simple pit graves- sometime covered in a mat or animal skin- more and more grave goods Pottery- different decorative elements- white on red- motifs of human and animal- the hunt and the victorious warrior -Pottery grouped into Nquadah 1,2,3 -NaqadahI- Burials-symbols of power= ivory?, macehead |
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Naqadah II
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-Diffusion of culture from south to north
-Coffins- boxes of various sizes -wrapping body in linen strips -evidence of dismemberment and human sacrifice -Dog burials -Pottery- Brown or reddish paing -many more boats -Nile plants and animals -Pretty course -Ripple flaked flint knoves -better remains of houses -3 main centers: Naqadah, Hierkonopolis, and Abydos |
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Maadian Culture
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-4000-3200
-Lots of houses and few burials -3 types of settlements -Houses cut out of the bedrock-domestic stuff inside- not in the south -Hut- sticks, covered with thatch -Rectangular wattle and daub and wood? -Pottery- more globular, narrowed neck, rarely decorated -Interpreted as a virtual crossroads -Sheep, goad, cattle, pigs, oxen, donkey, dogs (for love) -pit graves -dog burials and other animals with people |
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Naqadah III or dynasty 0
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-3200-3000
-still predynastic -Evidence for contact with the outside world -Lapis Lazuli -Egypt was unified -there was a sense that the south conquered the north but not militarily |
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Abydos
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-King burials
-Naqada- Crocodile, Iry-Hor, Ka, Scorpion, Narmer Tomb U-J- earliest evidence for writing in Egypt |
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Rebus
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phonetic signs
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Serekh
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-Earliest way to writ the name of a king
-Palace facade- encases the Serekh -Horus standing on top of the palace facade -Used in art to identify people in scenes |
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Dynasty 1
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-3000-2890
-Pharaohs- Aha, Djer, Djet, Queen Merneith, Anedjib, Semerkhet, Qa'a -Power is shifting from south to north -Memphis become the capital -Farming is what the majority of the people did -Early canal building -Mudbrick -Monumental architecture-Abydos-pharaohs tombs; Saqqara- tombs of officials -Tomb of Merneith- appears to be the mother of Den, she served as a rejent -the tomb itself is underground -subsidiary tombs around the actual tomb-sacrificial burials - Only dynasty with sacrificial burials -the people were probably intended to serve the dead -Funerary enclosures- its believed that perhaps where the cult of the dead was practiced; mortuary temple -Boat burials -Saqqara-smaller and less elaborate than Abydos -Cult temples |
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Dynasty II
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-2890-2686
-Pharaohs to know- Peribsen, Khasekhemwy- only two buried at Abydos -boat burials -Saqqara |
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Mastaba
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-Arabic for bench
-called bench tombs -generally belong to the upper class -important stuff underground -Niches for offerings -some bodies wrapped in linen bandages -sometimes soaked in resins -not so successful -Dynasty 2 |
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The Black Land
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-Fertile land on the bank of the Nile
-Where people lived -Where people farmed |
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The Red Land
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-Few people lived there
-Barren land -Where mines and quarries were located |
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The Delta
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-Desirable property
-very fertile land -farmed intensively -we know very little about the Delta because things were silted up |
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Faiyum oasis
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-first settled early on
-possible to have two harvests a year -certain crops were grown in the oases that could not be grown along the Nile -Criminals hung out in the western desert so the oases were attractive |
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Easter Desert
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-Route to the Red Sea
-The pharaoh would have sent people to the Red Sea to travel coast |
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Nubia
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-Some Egyptian influences because there was gold there
-Important for some trade routes |
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Levant
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-There was a very mixed population
-Kind of a backwater because on a land bridge |
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Rosetta Stone
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-Used to build a wall
-Found by Napoleon's people -part of a stela -2 languages but 3 scripts (Hieroglyphs, demotic, and greek) -Dates to 196 BCE -About a Greek pharaoh Prolemy one year after coronation -used to decipher hieroglyphs |
