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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1.According to Thomas Nagel, what is the role of “resentment” in ethical theory?
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Resentment - How would you feel is someone did that to you? You would not like it at all. But not just that you lost the umbrella but at the fact that a person was not considerate of your feelings and your property. When we feel that hurt by other people being inconsiderate we find ourselves thinking that they could have been more considerate. We want people to care about what us. You would resent the person for doing that to you.
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What questions should you ask about rules, law and caring about others?
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Why should we care about other?
Law of ethics? A rule can be wrong if it requires you to do something wrong. If rules were what defined good and bad how would you develop the rules and be able to define them as good and bad. Laws are independent of ethics (a person is going to write the laws) Milgrim’s experiment You do the right thing not by following the law because there has to be reason behind it. |
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Milgrim’s experiment
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The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience are of enormous importance, but they say very little about how most people behave in concrete situations. I set up a simple experiment at Yale University to test how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist. Stark authority was pitted against the subjects' [participants'] strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects' [participants'] ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more often than not. The extreme willingness of adults to go to almost any lengths on the command of an authority constitutes the chief finding of the study and the fact most urgently demanding explanation.
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What is virtue, according to Aristotle.
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Virtue = habit (not natural)
Two kinds=intellectual and moral |
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Define moral virtue, according to Aristotle.
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•Moral virtue -habit; we all have the potential to become virtuous and become this way by practice
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Define Intellectual virtue, according to Aristotle.
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•Intellectual- virtue is identified as a kind of wisdom acquired by teaching
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In what way is virtue a “mean”?
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-Virtue also equals the mean between the defect and the excess
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What is virtue, according to Aristotle.
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Virtue = habit (not natural)
Two kinds=intellectual and moral |
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Define moral virtue, according to Aristotle.
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•Moral virtue -habit; we all have the potential to become virtuous and become this way by practice
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Define Intellectual virtue, according to Aristotle.
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•Intellectual- virtue is identified as a kind of wisdom acquired by teaching
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In what way is virtue a “mean”?
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-Virtue also equals the mean between the defect and the excess
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What actions do not admit of a "mean"?
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- The intermediate state is in all things to be praised, but that we must incline sometimes towards the excess, sometimes towards the deficiency; for so shall we most easily hit the mean and what is right.
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What is Kant’s Universal Law?
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UNIVERSAL LAW:
“act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law” |
