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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 main parts of an argument (toulmin) |
Claims, grounds, warrants |
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3 forms of appeals |
Logos (logic) ethose (ethical) pathos (emotional) |
English 1A |
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Syllogism |
A logical form of reasoning |
What the class is bout |
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Deductive reasoning |
Analyzing the moves from the general to the particular |
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Inductive |
(scientific) analizing goes from the particular to the general |
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Argumentum ad hominem |
Personal attack (to or toward the man) |
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Begging the question |
The conclusion occurs within the premises essentially the conclusion is contained in some way within the argument |
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Red herring |
A diversionary argument |
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The bandwagon fallacy |
Everyone is doing it implying you should do it too |
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Poisoning the well |
Trying to discredit an opponent before his argument is even considered |
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Slippery slope |
The first step will inevitably lead to disaster. An argument that proceeds from A to Z skipping every possible stuck in between |
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Fault analysis |
An argument of comparison asserting that equals be when there are significant or relevant differences |
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Argumentum ad misericordiam |
Appeal to misery. An emotional appeal based on need |
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Post hoc ergo propter hoc |
A cause and effect fallacy where there is an error in reasoning between an event and its cause |
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Hasty generalization |
Stereotyping. Judgment of a person or group based on a small survey group |
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Argument from ignorance |
Using what we do not know or can not know as evidence |
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False dichotomy |
A fallacy of either/or reasoning. Offering two choices where there are in fact other options |
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Equivocation |
A fallacy of ambiguity. Giving utterance to two different meanings at the same time |
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Many questions |
Loaded questions that contains a false or disputed premise within its claim |
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Straw man fallacy |
Ascribing a position to an opponent that he does not hold and then defeating that position giving the illusion of having defeated the opponent |
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Over simplification |
Taking a complex issue or argument and watering it down. This fallacy presents a simplistic view of an issue ignoring an important and relevant subtleties |
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Ganas |
Desire |
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Non sequitor |
It does not follow |
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Grounds |
The basis or justification of a claim |
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Argumentum ad nazium |
Criticizing a person or group's position by comparing them to Hitler or the Nazi Party |
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Logical fallacy |
A common error and reasoning |
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Reductio ad absurdum |
A reduction to an absurdity the reflection of a proposition by demonstrating the inevitably absurd conclusion to which it would logically lead |
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Appeal to fear |
And emotional appear where fear is used to motivate action |
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