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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define egg quality
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egg that will produce a healthy chick or is safe to eat
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define table egg
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egg produced for human consumption by commercial layers
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define hatching egg
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egg destinted to go to a hatchery to produce a helathy, strong chick
bred for quality not quantity |
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criteria that determine egg quality
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cleanliness
shape and shell imperfections storage conditions traceability |
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list some attributes that compromise egg quality
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imperfect shape
poor shell quality damage or loss of cuticle bacterial contamination incorrect storage temperature or humidity |
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how do eggs become contaminated
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vertical transmission: trans ovarian, oviductal (salmonella)
horizontal transmission: trans shell (fecal contamination, dirty environement, poor shell quality) |
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what are the defenses of the egg
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cuticle, shell, shell membrane, antibiotic qualities of th white and yolk
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legislation controlling salmonella in eggs
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poultry laying flocks (testing and registration) order 1989
poultry breeding flocks and hatcheries order 1993 codes of practice relating to production of animal feeds and raw materials Lion Code - testing and Vx of all layers for S.e. and S.t. EU zoonosis directive - testing UK National control of salmnoella in poultry order 2007 |
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common egg contamninants and their properties
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campylobacter: low survivabilit on shell, problematic in meat
salmonella: many serotypes S.e. most common in egg survival enhanced by humidity and low T only small inoculum required = illness 2-3wk lag in growth linked to age and storage young infirm and elderly at highest risk |
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what is the scope of the UK national control of salmonella in poultry oder 2007
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no eggs from contaminated flocks can be sold as grade A
testion: samples from high incidence areas in EACH house before layers established testing of rodent feces or bait boxes on farm 2x boot swabs every 15 weeks per house any flock +ve for S.e. or S.t. = NO eggs sold as Grade A |
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define Grade A eggs
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Eggs sold raw for human consumption
cannot be washed before sale |
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attibutes of good hatching egg quality
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good shape
crack free correct size and weight clean sourced from salmonella and mycoplasma free stock |
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define hatchability
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the likelihood that the egg will hatch to a healthy chick
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factors of hatchability
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egg quality
age of breeder storage conditions bacterial contamination |
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define banger
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a pseudomonas infected egg that produces gas within the shell resulting in an explosion
spread contamination to the rest of the hatch |
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define in a rot
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eggs infected with pseudomonas resulting in the contents rotting
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define the microbial dilemma
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the environment ideal for hatching eggs is ALSO ideal for growign bacteria
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what can bacteriology from rotten or banger eggs show
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single organism = single source
multiple organisms = procedural failure resulting in exposure to many contaminants |
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define yolk sac infection
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infection of the yolk of a chick requiring both exposure to a contaminant and a route of entry (unhealed navel)
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what are CCPs for hatching eggs
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Nest boxes - keep clean and dry
Egg collection - frequent and clean Egg handling - clean hands (regular sanitizing) clean surfaces Storage conditions - ~18C and 65-80% humidity, good ventilation recording and testing rot eggs fumigation of hatching eggs - good circulation and sufficient exposure |
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what is the benefit of single stage incubation
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the machine can be C&D after each batch
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