Egckb-Electricity-Electronics-1

Front 1

Name of theory which explains behaviour of matter.

Back 1

Atomic Theory

Front 2

An atom's nucleus is made up of what two particles?

Back 2

Protons and Neutrons

Front 3

What's the main difference between protons and neutrons?

Back 3

Proton have an electric charge, neutrons do not.

Front 4

What is the most common element in the universe?

Back 4

Hydrogen

Front 5

Define Atomic Number

Back 5

The number of protons in an elements nucleus

Front 6

For a given element, what do differing numbers of neutrons create?

Back 6

Isotope

Front 7

How is an atom's identity determined?

Back 7

Number of protons in the nucleus

Front 8

What is created if you change the number of neutrons in an element?

Back 8

You create an isotope of that element

Front 9

What happens to the atomic weight, if you increase the number of neutrons in an element? What is such an element often called?

Back 9

It will increase. It is often called a "heavy" element.

Front 10

Approximately, how is the atomic weight of an element determined?

Back 10

By adding together the protons and neutrons

Front 11

What particles surrounding the nucleus of each atom contain opposing charges to the protons?

Back 11

Electrons

Front 12

What is the typical charge of an electron?

Back 12

Negative

Front 13

What is the typical charge of a proton?

Back 13

Positive

Front 14

What particles posses the smallest possible electric charge?

Back 14

Electrons and Protons

Front 15

Define an electron shell?

Back 15

This is a model of how the electron travels around the nucleus of an atom. An electron is travelling at such high speeds that it can be anywhere in a sphere around the nucleus.

Front 16

In an electron shell model, lower shells (closer to the nucleus) have more or less energy?

Back 16

Less. The further away an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it has.

Front 17

What almost always results from movement of electrons from one atom to another?

Back 17

Electricity

Front 18

For practical purposes, what do electrons weigh?

Back 18

Almost nothing

Front 19

Generally, how many electrons are there in an atom?

Back 19

The number of electrons is generally the same as the number of protons

Front 20

What are three examples of forces which can move electrons from atom to atom?

Back 20

Radiant energy, extreme heat or the precence of an electric field

Front 21

When an atom becomes charged, it is called...

Back 21

an Ion

Front 22

What happens when an atom becomes an ion?

Back 22

It has more or fewer electrons than protons

Front 23

A shortage of electrons in a material will result in a _________ charge

Back 23

positive

Front 24

An excess of electrons in a material will result in a _________ charge

Back 24

negative

Front 25

Whenever a material contains many charged atoms it is said to be ________.

Back 25

ionized

Front 26

When the gases in our atmosphere, at high altitudes are hit by cosmic radiation and other subatomic particles, what happens to it?

Back 26

These gases become ionized

Front 27

What is formed when you join together different elements?

Back 27

A compound

Front 28

When atoms of elements join together to form a compound, what is the resulting particle called?

Back 28

A molecule

Front 29

How are molecules found in a solid?

Back 29

interlocked in a rigid pattern, but constantly vibrating

Front 30

How does heat affect molecules?

Back 30

it causes them to vibrate faster

Front 31

How do molecules behave in a liquid?

Back 31

They slither and slide around

Front 32

How do molecules behave in a gas?

Back 32

they are moving all over the place, bumping into each other and into other molecules of other substances

Front 33

Describe a conductor?

Back 33

A material with electrons that move easily from atom to atom.

Front 34

What is the best conductor at room temperature?

Back 34

Elemental silver

Front 35

Describe an insulator?

Back 35

A material with electrons that do not easily move from atom to atom.

Front 36

How could you get an insulator to carry current?

Back 36

By ionizing it

Front 37

An insulating material is sometimes called a ________.

Back 37

dielectric

Front 38

Unit of measure for resistance

Back 38

Ohm or Ohms

Front 39

Resistance in wires are measured in ...

Back 39

Ohms per foot or ohms per kilometer

Front 40

When most charge carriers in a semiconductor are electrons, what type is it?

Back 40

N-Type because electrons are negatively charged.

Front 41

When most charge carriers in a semiconductor are holes, what type is it?

Back 41

P-Type because holes have a positive electric charge.

Front 42

The more abundant type of charge carrier in a semiconductor is referred to as ...

Back 42

Majority carrier

Front 43

The less abundant type of charge carrier in a semiconductor is referred to as ...

Back 43

Minority carrier

Front 44

Where are semiconductors used in electronic components (give three examples?)

Back 44

Diodes, transistors and integrated circuits

Front 45

When charge carriers are moving through a substance, what is created?

Back 45

Current

Front 46

At the subatomic level, how is current measured?

Back 46

Counting the number of electrons or holes passing a single point, in one second

Front 47

What is the unit of measure for current (per second?)

Back 47

Coulombs per second

Front 48

1 coulomb per second is often referred to as ...

Back 48

An ampere

Front 49

What is the standard unit of electric current

Back 49

Ampere

Front 50

Type of electricity that does not flow

Back 50

Static electricity

Front 51

Why is it called Static electricity

Back 51

Because it does not flow anywhere

Front 52

Current can only flow if it gets a push. What are three examples of a push?

Back 52

Static discharge, generator, battery

Front 53

When charge builds up with positive polarity in one place and negative in another, what can exist between the two?

Back 53

Electromotive force or EMF

Front 54

Unit of measure for electromotive force

Back 54

Volts

Front 55

How does a generator create current?

Back 55

A conductor is mechanically moved through a magnetic field, which generates an electric current.

Front 56

A potential difference between two points (broken path) can produce an _________ _______.

Back 56

Electric field

Front 57

The millivolt is = to a _______(????) of a volt. How is the unit written?

Back 57

Thousanth (0.001) mV

Front 58

The microvolt is = to a _______ (????) of a volt. How is the unit written?

Back 58

Millionth (0.000001), 5 zero's after the point, uV.

Front 59

The kilovolt is = to _______ volts. How is the unit written?

Back 59

1000, kV

Front 60

The megavolt is = to _______ volts or _____ kilovolts (kV). How is the unit written?

Back 60

1 million, 1000 kV, MV

Front 61

In a dry cell (battery) the typical EMF is usually between ______ and _______.

Back 61

1.2 and 1.7 V

Front 62

In a car battery, the EMF is often _____ to ____.

Back 62

12 to 14V

Front 63

For household utility current (in North Americal) EMF is usually ____ V for electric lights and most appliances. For washing machines, stoves and dryer, it is _____ V.

Back 63

117V, 234V

Front 64

What does potential difference represent? (2 things)

Back 64

1) a difference in charge between two points; 2) if a conductive path is provided, charge carriers will flow

Front 65

What is Voltage? (2 things)

Back 65

1) pressure or driving force that moves electrons through a circuit; 2) higher voltages = higher pressure = faster movement of charge carriers = higher current

Front 66

For a given number of charge carriers, higher voltages will also increase _________.

Back 66

current