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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 efferent columns in the brainstem? What does each control?
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1. GSE - extraocular muscles and the tongue
2. GVE - parasympathetics in the brainstem 3. SVE - branchial arch muscles |
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Why are the visceral efferents that control branchiomeric muscles in the brainstem special?
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Because there are none in the spinal cord.
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Which efferent column is most
-Medial -Lateral |
Medial = GSE (eye/tongue)
Lateral = SVE (branchiom. mm) |
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Where are the efferent columns in the spinal cord?
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In the ventral horn
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What type of efferents are in the ventral horn?
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General Somatic - GSE
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What do the most medial columns control?
What do the most lateral columns control? |
Medial = axial muscles
Lateral = limb muscles |
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Where are the autonomic GVEs in the spinal cord?
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In the interomediolateral cell columns
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What type of GVEfferents are in the interomediolateral cell columns?
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SNS and PNS
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What gives supranuclear innervation to the efferents in the brainstem and spinal cord?
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-Corticobulbar tracts
-Corticospinal tracts |
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Where is the corticobulbar tract with reference to the corticospinal tract?
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Medial to it
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What cranial nerves in the brainstem carry GSEs to somatic muscles?
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3, 4, 6, and 12
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What are the 4 nuclei for Parasympathetic GVEs in the brainstem?
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1. Edinger westphal
2. Superior salivatory 3. Inferior salivatory 4. DMNX |
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What GVefferent comes out of Edinger Westphal? Where does it go, via what CN, to do what?
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CN III goes to Ciliary ganglion to constrict the pupil.
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What GVefferent comes out of Superior Salivatory? Where does it go, via what CN, to do what?
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-CN VII goes to pterygopalatine ganglion, to slobber from the submandib and sublingual glands.
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What GVefferent comes out of Inferior Salivatory? Where does it go, via what CN, to do what?
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CN IX goes to otic ganglion, to the parotid gland for more slobber.
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What GVefferent comes out of DMNX? Where does it go, via what CN, to do what?
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CN X - goes to the thorax and abdomen to do lots of stuff
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What are the 3 autonomic reflexes in the brain? What are they stimulated by?
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-Pupillary - stim by light
-Salivary - stim by taste -Carotid sinus - stim by increased BP |
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Why are Special visceral efferents special?
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Because they're only in the brainstem.
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What do special visceral efferents innervate?
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Branchial arch derived muscles
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What 4 nuclei are involved in SVEs? What cranial nerve corresponds to each?
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-Motor nu: of V - CN V
-Facial motor nu: - CN VII -Nucleus ambiguus - CN IX / X -Accessory nucleus - CN XI |
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What does the motor nucleus of V target?
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Muscles of mastication
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What does the facial motor nucleus target?
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Muscles of facial expression
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What does nucleus ambiguus via CN IX target?
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Stylopharyngeus
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What does nucleus ambiguus via CN X target?
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Muscles of the throat and neck
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What does the accessory nucleus target?
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Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid |
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Where do the nerves for these SVEs exit the spinal cord?
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More laterally than ventrally
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What are the 4 brainstem reflexes?
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1. Blink
2. Jaw-jerk 3. Vestibulo-ocular 4. Gag |
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What stimulates the blink reflex?
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Corneal irritation
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What nerve senses corneal irritation?
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CN V-1
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What is the blink reflex pathway? (4 steps)
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1. Sense via CN V1
2. Synapse in Spinal Nu of V 3. Motor nucleus of VII 4. VII innervates orbicularis oculi |
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What is the Jaw jerk reflex stimulated by?
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Tapping a relaxed jaw to cause it to close
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What senses the jaw tap?
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Proprioceptive stretch receptors innervated by CN V3
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Where does the jaw tap sensation go?
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To the mesencephalic nucleus of V, to the trigeminal motor nucleus
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What is the response to the jaw jerk stimulus?
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CN V3 stimulates the muscles of mastication to close.
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What is the vestibuloocular reflex?
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Coordination of head and eye movements.
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What are the 4 steps of the vestibuloocular reflex?
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1. Vestibular organ senses spin
2. Vestibular nuclei recieve info 3. Send info to oculomotor nuclei 4. Ocular motor neurons move eyes. |
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What nerves and nucleus are involved in the gag reflex?
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1. CN IX senses gag
2. Sends info to nuleus ambiguus 3. CN IX and X respond |
