Ees 101--First Test

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Engineering Geology

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realm of the engineering geologist is essentially in the area of earth-structure interactions, or investigation of how the earth or earth processes impact human made structures and human activities.

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Environmental Geology

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is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems.

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Geochemistry

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involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks, water, and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere.

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Geochronology

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is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments, within a certain degree of uncertainty inherent to the method used.

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Geomorphology

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is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics, and to predict future changes through a combination of field observations,

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Geophysics

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the branch of geology that deals with the physics of the earth and its atmosphere
Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation

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Hydro geology

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is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust, (commonly in aquifers)

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Mineralogy

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is the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

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Paleontology

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is the study of prehistoric life, including organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). As a "historical science" it tries to explain causes rather than conduct experiments to observe effects. Paleontological

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Petrology

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is the branch of geology that studies rocks, and the conditions in which rocks form.

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Sedimentology

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study of modern sediments such as sand,[1] mud (silt),[2] and clay,[3] and the processes that result in their deposition.[4] Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to interpret geologic history through observations of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures

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Seismology

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s the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions)

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Stratigraphy

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branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy includes two related subfields: lithologic stratigraphy or lithostratigraphy and, biologic stratigraphy or biostratigraphy.

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Structural Geology

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is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories.a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation

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Tectonics

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describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory builds on the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century

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Volcanology

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is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena.

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Solar Nebula Hypothesis

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The sun and the planets and other objects orbiting the Sun originated at the same time form the same source through the collapse and condensation of a planetary nebula.

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Theory

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A hypothesis that has been aggressively tested and is accepted as true

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Formation of the Elements

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Through nuclear fusion which causes an explosive burst of energy more protonas and neutrons are added to the nucleaus of a hudrogen atom, once that supply runs out, He is used to create a heavier element, once He runs out the elements created from He are used, etc.

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Fusion

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is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus. This is usually accompanied by the release or absorption of large quantities of energy. Fusion is the process that powers active stars, the hydrogen bomb and experimental devices examining fusion power for electrical generation.

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Mineral – Definition

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1. Naturally Occuring
2. Inorganic (contains no C-H bonds)→no organic C
3. Specific internal Crystalline structure
4. Specific Chemical composition

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Polymorph

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Polymorphs are minerals with the same chemical composition but different crystal structures.