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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEFINE BLEPHARITIS?
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INFLAMMATION OF THE EYELIDS
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NAME THE 2 TYPES OF ETIOLOGY THAT ARE THE CAUSE OF BLEPHARITIS?
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1.STAPHYLOCOCCAL(EITHER BY STAPH AUREUS OR STAPH EPIDERMIDIS
2.SEBORRHEIC |
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WHAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR BLEPHARITIS?
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ANTERIOR=CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE LID MARGINS
POSTERIOR=IS INFLAMMATION OF THE EYELIDS SECONDARY TO DYSFUNCTION OF THE MEIBOMIAN GLANDS |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE ON PRESENTATION BETWEEN BLEPHARITIS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCAL AND SEBORRHEIC?
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STAPHY-THE SCALES ARE (DRY) & LIDS ARE RED
SEBORRHEIC-THE SCALES ARE (GREASY)&LID (MARGINS) ARE RED |
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WHAT IS THE TX FOR BLEPHARITIS?
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KEEP EYELIDS CLEAN & TX
DOXYCYCLINE OR ERYTHROMYCIN |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ORBITAL FRACTURE?
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BLOWOUT FRACTURE
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TO CONFORM DIAGNOSIS OF A BLOWOUT FRACTURE WHAT TEST MOST BE ORDER?
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(CT) SCAN TO CONFORM THE EXTENSION OF DAMANGE
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ON AN X-RAY NOTE A HANGING (TEARDROP SIGN) / OR (OPEN BOMB-BAY DOOR SIGN) ARE IN REFERENCE TO WHAT DIAGNOSIS?
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A BLOWOUT FRACTURE
TEAR DROP SIGN- HERNIATION OF ORBITAL FAT INTO THE MAXILLARY SINUS OPEN BOMB-BAY DOOR SIGN- BONE FRAGMENT INTO THE SINUS |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CATARACT?
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AGING
SOME OTHER CAUSES INCLUDE: BLUNT TRAUMA/DM/ SMOKING/ CONGENITAL/ DRUGS-STEROID, PHENOTHIAZINES,OR AMIODARONE |
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ON A PHYSICAL EXAM DESCRIBE HOW CATARACT WOULD PRESENT?
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A YELLOWISH- BROWN/ OPAQUE EYE COLOR MAY BE NOTED DUE TO PROTEIN THAT AGGREGATES THE LENS
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NAME SOME Si/Sx FOR CATARACT?
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PAINLESS BLURRY VISION OR VISION LOSS/GLARE/ MYOPIA/ MONOOCULAR DOUBLE VISION/ ABSENT RED REFLEX (LEUKOCORIA)
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DIAGNOSIS OF CATARACT IS BASED ON WHAT EXAM?
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1. MEASURE VISUAL ACUITY TO DETERMINE IMPAIRMENT OF VISION
2.SLIT-LAMP EXAM NEEDED |
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF CATARACT?
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SURGERY WITH OR WITHOUT LENS REPLACEMENT
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DEFINE CHALAZION?
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IDIOPATHIC, STERILE CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION OF THE MEIBOMIAN GLAND
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1.HOW WOULD CHALAZION PRESENT ON PHYSICAL EXAM?
2.TREATMENT FOR CHALAZION? |
1.A (PAIN-LESS) SWELLING
2.NONE,SELF-LIMITING/ OR COULD SURGICAL EXCISION/ INTRALESIONAL STEROIDS COULD BE USED |
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NAME SOME CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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BACTERIA/VIRAL/ ALLERGIC/CHLAMYDIA
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NAME SOME BACTERIA CAUSES OF CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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1.STREP PNEUMONIAE
2.HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE 3.STAPH AUREUS 4.NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE |
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NAME SOME VIRAL CAUSES OF CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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1.ADENOVIRUS
2.HERPES VIRUS TYPE 1&2 3.PICORNAVIRUSES |
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ON A PHYSICAL EXAM WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOW A BACTERIA & VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS WOULD PRESENT?
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BACTERIA=PURULENT DISCHARGE
VIRAL-WATERY DISCHARGE |
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TX FOR CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?
NAME 4 DRUGS! |
ORAL TETRACYCLINE, DOXYCYCLINE, ERYTHROMYCIN, OR AZITHROMYCIN
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TX FOR NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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IM- CEFTRIAXONE
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TX FOR BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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TOPICAL SULFACEAMIDE OR ERYTHROMYCIN, ALSO CAN USE TETRACYCLINE
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TX FOR ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS?
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ANTIHISTAMINE OR SHORT COURSE OF ORAL STERIODS
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TX FOR CONJUNCTIVITIS CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX?
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ACYCLOVIR
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WHAT MUST A PHYSICIAN PREFORM BEFORE STARTING HIS EXAMINATION ON A PT WITH AN CORNEAL ABRASION?
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VISUAL ACUITY TEST
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WHAT DIAGNOSTIC TEST IS USED FOR CORNEAL ABRASION TO EVALUATE FOR EPITHELIAL DEFECT?
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FLUORESCEIN STAINING
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SOFT CONTACT WEARERS ARE AT RISK OF INFECTION FROM PSEUDOMONAS AND SHOULD BE TX WITH WHAT MEDS?
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1.TOBRAMYCIN OR FLUOROQUINOLONE
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NAME 2 CYCLOPLEGIC DRUGS THAT ARE USED TO CONTROL PAIN IN A PT WITH A CORNEAL ABRASION?
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CYCLOPENTOLATE OR SCOPOLAMINE ALSO USE ORAL ANALGESIC
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HOW LONG SHOULD A PT WITH A CORNEAL ABRASION NOT WEAR THEIR CONTACT?
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1 WEEK
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A PT WHO PRESENT WITH CONJUNCTIVITIS AND OTITIS MEDIA WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSATIVE AGENT?
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HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
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DACRYOADENITIS/ DACRYOCYSTITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF WHAT GLAND
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LACRIMAL GLAND
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WHAT ARE COMMON INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAUSES DACRYOADENITIS?
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1. H.INFLUENZA
2. S.AUREUS 3. BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREP |
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1.DESCRIBE SOME Si/Sx OF DACRYOCYSTITIS
2.TX FOR DACRYOADENITIS |
1.INFLAMMATION & TENDERNESS OF NASAL ASPECT OF LOWER LID, PURULENT DISCHARGE
2. KEFLEX - OBSERVE SURGERY RARELY NEED |
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DEFINE ENTROPION?
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TURNING INWARD OF THE LOWER LID
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DEFINE ECTROPION?
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SAGGING & EVERSION OF THE LOWER LID
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TREATMENT FOR ENTROPION & ECTROPION?
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SURGERCIAL IS NEEDED FOR BOTH
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A PT WITH A FOREIGN BODY SHOULD NOT HAVE THIS PROCEDURE OR DIAGNOSTIC TEST PREFORM BY A PHYSICIAN?
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MRI IS CONTRAINDICATED
CT SCAN OR PLAIN FILM X-RAY SHOULD BE PERFORM |
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AFTER THE REMOVAL OF A FOREIGN BODY A PT SHOULD BE TREATED WITH WHAT ANTIBIOTIC?
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ERYTHROMYCIN WITH A PRESSURE EYE PATCH.
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WHO SHOULD REMOVE ALL FOREIGN BODY OBJECT IF POSSIBLE?
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A OPHTHALMOLOGIST WHENEVER
***HINT***ALWAYS FOLLOW UP WITH AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST 2 DAYS AFTER REMOVAL OF A FOREIGN BODY |
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DEFINE GLAUCOMA?
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INCREASED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CAUSING OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE DUE TO IMPAIRED OUTFLOW OF AQUEOUS HUMORS FROM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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WHAT IS LEADING CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE BLINDNESS IN THE UNITED STATE?
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GLAUCOMA
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WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF CLASSICFICATION OF GLAUCOMA?
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ANGLE-CLOSURE= (OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY)
OPEN-ANGEL= DUE TO DECREASE DRAINAGE |
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PRESENTATION; (Si/Sx) OF ANGLE-CLOSURE & OPEN-ANGLE GLUCOMA?
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ANGLE-CLOSURE=(SEVERE EYE PAIN)HA/BLURRED VISION (HALOS)NAUSEA & VOMITING FIXED DILATED PUPIL
OPEN-ANGLE= GRADUAL LOSS OF VISION |
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INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASURED BY WHAT INSTRUMENT?
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TONOMETRY
(GOLDMANN APPLANATION & SCHIOTZ) |
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WHAT IS THE NORMAL INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE?
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10-24 mm Hg
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF EMERGENCY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA?
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IV, MANNITOL & ACETAZOLAMIDE, LASER IRIDOTOMY FOR CURE
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ON A FUNDUSCOPIC EXAM FOR A PT WITH OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA THE OPTIC DISK IS USUALLY DESCRIBE AS?
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DESCRIBED AS HAVING"CUPPING" APPEARANCE. THE OPTIC DISK IS ENLARGED( INCREASE CUP-DISK RATIO)
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UNILATERAL GLAUCOMA .VS. BILATERAL GLAUCOMA IS USUALLY SEEN IN WHICH TYPES OF GLAUCOMA'S OPEN-ANGLE OR CLOSED-ANGLE?
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OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA=MORE COMMON BILATERAL
CLOSED-ANGLE GLAUCOMA=MORE COMMON UNILATRAL |
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MOST COMMON ETIOLOGY OF HORDEOLUM(STY) ?
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INFECTION OF THE EYELID CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCAL SPECIES
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TREATMENT OF HORDEOLUM?
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WARM COMPRESS IF NOT RESOLVED: INCISION & DRAINAGE
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HORDEOLUM & CHALAZION PRESENTATION ON A PHYSICAL EXAM?
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HORDEOLUM= PAINFUL
CHALAZION=NON-PAINFUL |
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DEFINE HYPHEMA?
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TRAUMATIC FORCES TEAR VESSELS AND BLEEDING INTO THE AQUEOUS HUMOR
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1.TX FOR HYPHEMA?
2.NAME 2 DRUGS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED IN HYPHEMA? |
1.STEROID DROPS
2.AVOID ASPIRIN & OTHER (NSAIDs) SURGERY MAY BE NEEDED IF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE REMAINS ELEVATED |
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WHAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF PERMANENT BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY?
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
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WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPE'S OF MACULAR DEGENERATION AND WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT FOR IT?
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1.NON-EXUDATIVE DEGENERATION- YELLOWISH DEPOSIT IN THE MACULA=NO KNOW TX
2.EXUDATIVE DEGENERATION- NEOVASCULARIZATION=TX WITH LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION |
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DEFINE ORBITAL CELLULITIS?
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EXTENSION OF SINUSITIS THROUGH THE ETHMOID SINUS TO THE ORBIT CAUSING AN INFECTION; MOST COMMON ORGANISMS ARE
H. INFLUENZAE & S. PNEUMONIAE/ ALSO CAN RESULT FORM TRAUMA |
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TREATMENT FOR ORBITAL CELLULITIS?
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MILD:AMOXICILLIN
SEVERE= CEFTRIAXONE WITH VANCOMYCIN |
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WHAT DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT COULD BE USED TO SEPARATE PRE- FROM POSTSEPTAL INVOLVEMENT REGARDING ORBITAL CELLULITIS?
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COULD USE MRE OR CT SCAN
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ORBITAL CELLULITIS IS SEEN MOST COMMONLY IN WHICH TYPE OF PATIENTS?
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CHILDREN
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WHAT ARE THE PRESENTATION (SiSx) OF ORBITAL CELLULITIS?
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PROPTOSIS(CHILDREN)EDEMA, ERYTHEMA, HYPEREMIA,& PAIN, CHEMOSIS, LIMITED EYE MOVEMENT, REDUCTION OF VISION
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