Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are Elysia chlorotica (marine slug)?
|
Solar powered slug!
|
|
|
What alga do Elysia chlorotica steal from?
|
They steal plastids from Vaucheria litorea;yellow green alga, keeping only chloroplasts
|
|
|
What do Elysia chlorotica do with stolen chloroplasts?
|
They incorporate them into their own tissue for photosynthesis
|
|
|
To keep photosynthesis going what must Elysia chlorotica have?
|
Some specific DNA (from alga, horizontal gene transfer)
|
|
|
With what algae do corals have a symbiotic relationship with?
|
Dinoflagellates
|
|
|
What is the criteria for classification of algal groups?
|
Molecular genetic similarity
Biochemical and structural features |
|
|
What are the four main components of biochemical and structural features for the criteria for classification of algal groups?
|
1. Main pigments
2. Storage products 3. Cell wall components 4. # of flagella, their morphology and position |
|
|
What are some main pigments of algal groups?
|
chlorophylls, phycobilins, carotinoids, fucoxanthins
|
|
|
What are storage products of algal groups?
|
starch, fats, oils, sugars
|
|
|
What are cell wall components of algal groups?
|
cellulose, hemi-cellulose, silica
|
|
|
What number of flagella can algal groups have?
|
0,1,2,4
|
|
|
Which pigment does all photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria use for photosynthesis?
|
chlorophyll a
|
|
|
What is chlorophyll a?
|
It is the molecule that is energized by light during photosynthesis and which can pass an energized electron on to an acceptor molecule.
|
|
|
How many rings are around the magnesium atom in chlorophyll a?
|
5
|
|
|
What atom do the five rings in chlorophyll a surround?
|
magnesium atom
|
|
|
What does the long, hydrophobic tail of chlorophyll a do?
|
It ancors the molecule to specific hydrophobic proteins of the thylakoid membrane.
|
|
|
Is chlorophyll a soluble in water?
|
No
|
|
|
Describe the structure of chlorophyll a.
|
5 rings around a magnesium atom with a long hydrophobic tail.
|
|
|
What are the accessory pigments?
|
chlorophylls b and c, carotenoids, phycobilins
|
|
|
What do the accessory pigments do?
|
They capture light energy but must pass it to chlorophyll a
|
|
|
What is the primary photosynthetic pigment in all algae?
|
chlorophyll a
|
|
|
How do you convert chlorophyll a to b?
|
substitution of a -CHO for a -CH3 side group
|
|
|
Where is chlorophyll b found?
|
In green algae, euglenoids and a few cyanobacteria
|
|
|
What is the most notable change in chlorophyll c compared to a and b?
|
Loss of hydrophobic tail
|
|
|
Where is chlorophyll c found?
|
Brown algae, diatoms, golden algae, dinoflagellates, and haptophytes
|
|
|
List the pigments from hydrophobic to hydrophilic
|
Chlorophyll a,b, c
|
|
|
Caroteniods absorb what colour light?
|
blue and blue-green light
|
|
|
What tint are carotenoids?
|
yellow, orange and brown
|
|
|
What do carotenoids help protect?
|
The photosystems from excess light
|
|
|
What do carotenoids take over where chlorophylls can not do on their own.
|
They broaden the absorbtion spectrum beyond that provided by chlorophylls alone.
|
|
|
What is the structure of carotenoids?
|
hydrophobic, highly conjugated chains, largely modified by oxygen containing side groups
|
|
|
In what group of algae do phycobilin pigments occur?
|
In cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and red algae
|
|
|
Are phycobilin pigments water soluable?
|
yes
|
|
|
Where in the molecule do phycobilin pigments occur?
|
in pigment-protein complexes termed phycobilisomes.
|
|
|
What are phycobilisomes?
|
Pigment-protein complexes
|
|
|
In what part of the spectrum to phycobilin pigments absorb?
|
Strongly in the green portion of the spectrum
|
|
|
What colour do Phycobilin pigments appear as?
|
pink or blue-red
|
|
|
What does the ability to absorb green light allow blue-green and red algae to do?
|
To live beliow green algae and plant leaf canopies. Green algae and plants do not effectively absorb green light.
|
|
|
What light doesn't green algae and plants effectively absorb?
|
Green light
|
|
|
What does TLC allow us to do?
|
The identification of taxonomic characters and to understand their environment implications
|
|
|
What are karenia brevis?
|
Toxic dinoflagellate
|
|
|
What causes red tide?
|
Karenia brevis
|
|
|
What is remote sensing?
|
Photographs from satellites at absorption wavelength of chlorophyll
|
|
|
What does remote sensing help us do?
|
assessment of concentration (cells per volume water)
assessment of environmental threat |
|
|
What are corals sensitive to?
|
water temperature
alkalinity (pH) silt runoff pollution water nutrient load pathogen infection |
|
|
What happens when corals are stressed?
|
expelling of algae and bleaching
|
|
|
In terms of remote sensing how can you tell that corals are bleached?
|
The corals lack symbiotic algae and so have a different light absorbption
|
|
|
What kind of starch does green algae and higher plants have?
|
A mixture of Amylose and Amylopectin
|
|
|
What is stored in "regular" starch?
|
photosynthates
|
|
|
what is starch?
|
glucose polymer
|
|
|
What starch is found in red algae?
|
floridean starch
|
|
|
In what algae group is the starch Laminarin found in?
|
Brown
|
|
|
What algae groups is Stramenopiles found in?
|
Brown algae, golden algae and diatoms
|
|
|
In what algae groups is the cell wall component cellulose found in?
|
green and golden algae, dinoflagellates
|
|
|
In what algae group is cellulose embedded in algin
|
brown algae
|
|
|
In what algae group is cellulose embedded in agar
|
Red algae
|
|
|
In what algae group is Silica found in the cell wall component?
|
diatoms, golden algae
|
|
|
In what algae group is calcium carbonate found in the cell wall components?
|
haptophytes
|
|
|
what groups of algae have flagella?
|
Euglenids
Crysophytes Green algae Haptophytes |
