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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General intelligence (G) |
- A general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all mental tests |
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Fluid intelligence |
- Mental efficiency that is culture-free and non-verbal and is grounded in brain development |
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Crystallized intelligence |
- Ability to apply culturally approved problem solving methods |
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Theory of multiple intelligences |
- Gardner's theory of intelligence - A person's 8 separate abilities: linguistic, musical, spatial, logical, mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist |
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Triarchic theory of intelilgence |
- 3 part description of mental abilities (thinking processes, coping with new experiences, adapting to context) that lead to more or less intelligent behaviour |
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Insight |
- The ability to deal effectively with novel situations |
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Automaticity |
- The result of learning to perform a behaviour or thinking process so thoroughly that the performance is automatic and does not require effort |
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Mental age |
- In intelligence testing, a score based on average abilities for that age group |
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Flynn effect |
- A steady rise in IQ test scores because of better health, smaller families, increased complexity in the environment, and more and better schooling |
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Learning preferences |
- Preferred ways of studying and learning (pictures instead of text, working with others instead of alone, etc.) |
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Gifted student |
- A very bright, creative, talented student |
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Learning disability |
- Problem with acquisition and use of language - May show up as difficulty with reading, writing, reasoning, or math |
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Learned helplessness |
- The expectation, based on previous experiences involving lack of control, that all of one's efforts will lead to failure |
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Hyperactivity |
- Behaviour disorder marked by atypical, excessive restlessness and inattentiveness |
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Speech impairment |
- Inability to produce sounds effectively or speaking |
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Articulation disorders |
- Any of a variety of pronunciation difficulties |
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Stuttering |
- Repetitions, prolongations, and hesitations that block flow of speech |
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Voicing problems |
- Speech impairments involving inappropriate pitch, quality, loudness, or intonation |
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Developmental disablities |
- Significantly below average intellectual and adaptive social behaviour evident before the age 18 |
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Transition programming |
- Gradual preparation of exceptional students to move from high school to further education or training, employment, or community involvement |
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Emotional and behavioural disorders |
- Behaviours or emotions that deviate so much from the norm that they interfere with the child's own growth and development and/or lives of others - Inappropriate behaviours, unhappiness, or depression, fears and anxieties, and trouble with relationships |
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Cerebral palsy |
- Condition involving a range of motor or coordination difficulties due to brain damage |
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Spasticity |
- Overly tight or tense muscles, characteristic of some forms of cerebral palsy |
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Epilepsy |
- Disorder marked by seizures caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain |
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Generalized seizure |
- A seizure involving a large portion of the brain |
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Partial seizure of absence seizure |
- A seizure involvinge only a small part of the brain |
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Speech reading |
- Using visual cues to understand language |
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Sign language |
- Communication system of hand movement that symbolize words and concepts |
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Finger spelling |
- Communication system that "spells out" each letter with a hand position |
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Low vision |
- Vision limited to close objects |
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Educationally blind |
- Needing Braille materials in order to learn |
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Autism and autism spectrum |
- Developmental disability significantly affecting verbal, and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and imaginative creativity, generally evident before age 3 and ranging from mild to major |
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Education or school act |
- Provincial or territorial legislation that governs education in elementary and secondary schools |
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Inclusion |
- The practice of integrating exceptional students into regular education classrooms - The emphasis is on participation rather than placement |
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Integration |
- The practice of having exceptional students participate in activities with their non-exceptional peers |
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Individualized education program (IEP) |
- Annually revised program for an exceptional student detailing present achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, family members, specialists, and if possible the student |
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Response to intervention (RTI) |
- A process in which one of the main goals is to identify students who may have learning difficulties as early as possible so that they don't fall too far behind before their problems are recognized - A second goal is to document what works and what doesn't with each student for planning |
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Assistive technology |
- Devices, systems, and services that support and improve the capabilities of individuals with disabilities |
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Universal design |
- Considering the needs of all users in the design of new tools, learning programs, or websites |
