Edu300 Human Growth And Development -- Exam #4 Flashcards

Front 1

What is the age range for middle adulthood?

Back 1

begins around age 40 and ends at about 65

Front 2

literally meaning “old eyes,” around age 60 the lens loses its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances entirely

Back 2

presbyopia (think “op” – as in optician, etc.)

Front 3

within presbyopia, the eye rapidly becomes more _____ between ages 40 and 60

Back 3

farsighted

Front 4

literally meaning “old hearing,” age-related hearing impairment, beginning around age 50 with noticeable hearing loss at high frequencies, which gradually extends to all frequencies

Back 4

presbycusis (think "cus" - as in percussion)

Front 5

True or false: Throughout middle adulthood, most people hear reasonably well across a wide frequency range

Back 5

true

Front 6

In middle adulthood there is a noticeable hearing loss at _____ frequencies

Back 6

high

Front 7

Whose hearing declines earlier -- male or female -- and why?

Back 7

Male; because of cigarette smoking, intense noise, and and chemical pollutants in some male-dominated occupations

Front 8

a combination of estrogen plus progesterone aimed at reducing the physical discomforts of menopause

Back 8

hormone replacement theory

Front 9

hormone replacement theory combines _____ and _____ and aims to _____

Back 9

estrogen; progesterone; reduce the physical discomforts of menopause

Front 10

What are five positive aspects of hormone replacement theory?

Back 10

(1.) lessens the risk of CANCER of the endometrium (lining of the UTERUS), (2.) counteracting HOT FLASHES and vaginal dryness, (3.) protects against BONE DETERIORATION and colon caner, (4.) reduce the risk of CARDIOVASCULAR disease, (5.) reduce the risk of ALZHEIMER'S

Front 11

What are two negative aspects of hormone replacement theory?

Back 11

(1.) mild increase in HEART ATTACKS, stroke, and blood clots, (2.) elevates risk of BREAST CANCER

Front 12

Regarding sexuality in middle adulthood, both _____ and _____ decline.

Back 12

frequency; intensity

Front 13

True or false? Couples who have sex often in early adulthood continue to do so in midlife.

Back 13

true

Front 14

The best predictor of sexual frequency is

Back 14

marital happiness (an association that is probably bidirectional)

Front 15

Intensity of sexual response declines in midlife due to _____

Back 15

physical changes of the climateric; both men and women take longer to feel aroused and to reach orgasm

Front 16

a type of cardiovascular disease involving a buildup of plaque in coronary arteries that encircle the heart and provide its muscles with oxygen and nutrients; a type of “silent killer” because it often has no symptoms

Back 16

atherosclerosis

Front 17

atherosclerosis is a type of _____

Back 17

cardiovascular disease

Front 18

severe age-related bone loss which greatly magnifies the risk of bone fractures

Back 18

osteoporosis

Front 19

80 percent of the people affected by osteoporsis are _____. Why?

Back 19

women; because of the decline in estrogen associated with menopause, which causes women to lose about 50 percent of their bone mass

Front 20

research shows that adults who reduce stress move flexibly between these two techniques

Back 20

problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping

Front 21

when someone appraises their situation as changeable, identifies the difficulty, and decides what to do about it

Back 21

problem-centered coping

Front 22

Trisha focuses on ways to delegate routine tasks to her staff so she could focus on problems that required her skills is an example

Back 22

problem-centered coping

Front 23

a type of coping that is internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about a situation

Back 23

emotion-centered coping

Front 24

Trisha reminding herself of Dottie’s difficult temperament and hard life instead of interpreting Dottie’s anger as a sign of her own incompetence is an example

Back 24

emotion-centered coping

Front 25

_____ intelligence increases steadily through middle adulthood, whereas _____ intelligence begins to decline in the twenties

Back 25

crystallized; fluid

Front 26

refers to skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social conventions – abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual’s culture

Back 26

crystallized intelligence

Front 27

Devin expressing himself articulately at an alumni luncheon and suggesting effective ways to save money in budget planning is an example of this

Back 27

crystallized intelligence

Front 28

on intelligence tests, vocabulary, general information, verbal comprehension, and logical reasoning items measure this

Back 28

crystallized intelligence

Front 29

depends on basic information-processing skills – ability to detect relationships among visual stimuli, speed of analyzing information, and capacity of working memory

Back 29

fluid intelligence

Front 30

believed to be influenced less by culture than by conditions in the brain and by learning unique to the individual

Back 30

fluid intelligence

Front 31

requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty

Back 31

practical problem solving

Front 32

practical problem solving develops as a result of gains in _____

Back 32

expertise

Front 33

Middle-aged adults recall less than young adults as a result of a decline in _____

Back 33

memory strategies (rehearsal, etc.)

Front 34

Those in middle adulthood have working memory, but its _____ is reduced.

Back 34

capacity

Front 35

Working memory in middle adulthood is characterized by _____

Back 35

reduced capacity

Front 36

knowledge that accumulates over decades about best to maximize performance

Back 36

metacognitive knowledge

Front 37

reviewing major points before an important presentation, organizing notes and files so information can be found quickly, and parking the car in the same area of the parking lot each day are examples of

Back 37

metacognitive knowledge

Front 38

True or false: research shows that aging has little impact on metacogntion.

Back 38

true

Front 39

Cognitively flexible men sought work that offered _____ and _____

Back 39

challenge; autonomy

Front 40

Cognitive flexibility is responsive to _____

Back 40

vocational experience

Front 41

Complex work in middle adulthood leads to gains in _____

Back 41

cognitive flexibility

Front 42

Erikson’s psychological conflict of midlife is

Back 42

generativity versus stagnation