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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How a word is spelled is determined by?
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Phonology
Semantics Syntax whimsy |
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SEMANTICS:
Many words sound the same but are spelled differently to show meaning: |
loan lone
pare pair pear too two to blue blew through threw |
Words are spelled in a ways that preserves morphology:
medic (related to healing) medicine (‘c’ retained to show connection) |
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Phonology:
English is spelled with 26 letters that have to represent HOW MANY PHONEMES? |
45 phonemes
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SYNTAX:
Word order can affect spelling: |
EX:
Hey, mister, you dropped your wallet! Mr. Smith dropped his wallet. |
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WHIMSY:
Proper nouns: Maygan Megan Meghan |
women instead of wimin
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Traditional spelling instruction:
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Pretest
Word study Posttest New list of words Retention rate: low |
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Spelling research:
Charles Read |
Hypothesized that spelling was developmental and that children progressed through stages as they learned to spell
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Stages of spelling development:
(Five invariant stages) |
Precommunicative (3-4)
Semiphonetic (5-6) Phonetic (6-7) Transition (7-8) Correct (9-10) |
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Precommunicative
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Natural, early expression of concepts about the alphabet and writing
May write left to right, right to left, or randomly May repeat letters and use symbols or pictures Prefer upper case letters |
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Semiphonetic
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Begins to represent phonemes with letters
Has a basic understanding of the link between letters and sounds Represents only some features of a word Very abbreviated spelling Tends to omit vowels |
c
7d2 1 & a 1/2 |
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Phonetic
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Further refined understanding of the alphabetic principles
Uses letter names to represent sounds Includes vowels Doesn’t always use acceptable English spelling Doesn’t apply all the rules Doesn’t look like adult spelling but can easily be read |
hav peekt
Lov laft |
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Transition
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Comes close to correct spelling
A vowel in every syllable Uses common letter patterns Uses morphological clues Uses vowel patterns |
leive maccaroniy chincherbred men darck |
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correct
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Spells most, but not all words correctly
Masters the basic spelling rules of English Uses homonyms Learns to spell irregular words |
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Richard Cramer
Stages of spelling development |
Stages of spelling development
Prephonetic (3-5) imitative Phonetic (5-7) letter name Patterns-within-words stage (7-9) Syllable-juncture stage (9-11) Meaning derivation (11-14) |
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