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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disadvantages imposed on individuals
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Handicap
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Ensures the right of individuals with disabilities to nondiscriminatory treatment in areas of employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government and telecommunications.
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ADA
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Children with exceptionalities must be educated in as normal an environment as possible.
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LRE
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Inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way.
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Disability
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Provides incentives for states to develop early intervention programs for infants with known disability and those who are considered to be at risk.
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PL 99-457
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Spells out just what teachers plan to do to meet an exceptional student's needs.
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IEP
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Ensures all children and youth with disabilities have the right to a free, appropriate public education
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IDEA
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A plan for infants and toddlers with disabilities and requires assessment and statement of goals, needed services and plans for implementation.
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IFSP
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Landmark federal law passed in 1975
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PL 94-142
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T or F: Special Education means specially designed instruction that meets the unusal needs of exceptional students
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True
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T or F: the least restrictive environment for one student with a disability may be highly restrictive for another student with a disability.
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True
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T or F: PL 99-457 was the first public law mandating free, appropriate public education for all children with disabilities.
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False: PL 94-142
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T or F: There is a standard IEP format.
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False
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T or F: The IFSP requires family involvement, coordination of services, and plans for making the transition into preschool.
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True
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Considering the needs of all potential users and making instructional programs usable by the widest possible population.
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Universal design
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Some feel it is harmful, causes a child to feel unworthy and/or be viewed by society as a deviant
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labeling
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Changes in curricular content or conceptual difficulty or changes in instructional objectives and methods
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Adaptations
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Changes made in instruction or assessment to make it possible for a student with a disability to respond more normally.
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modifications
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A teaching approach in which the teacher places students with heterogeneous abilities together to work on assignments
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cooperative learning
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Determination that a student's misbehavior is or is not a manifestation of a diability.
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Manifestation determination
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Changes in the delievry of instruction, type of student performance, or method of assessment which do not significntly change the content or conceptual difficulty of the curriculum
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accommodations
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Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, antecedents and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors and assists teachings in planning educationally for students
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Functional behavior assessment
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Ability to make personal choices, regulate one's own life, and be a self-advocate
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self-determination
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A method used to integrate students with disabilities in general education classrooms based on the premise that students can effectively tutor one another.
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Peer tutoring
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Integrating people with diabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment
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Supported employment
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A person who assists adult workers with disabilities by providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance with employers, family and related government and service agencies.
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Job coach
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Primary intent of federal special education law is the education of all children with disabilities with in all cases be free of cost to parents and appropriate for the particular student
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Free appropriate public education
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An approach in whcih a special educator and a general educator come up with teaching strategies for a student with disabilities based on the premise of shared responsibility and equal authority.
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cooperative teaching
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T or F: Special education professionals agree about how and where to integrate students with disabilities.
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False
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T or F: Educational programming for students with disabilities has historically been built on the assumption that a variety of service delivery options need to be avalible.
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False
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T or F: There is precise agreement on who should serve on prreferral teams
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False- a variety of professional may serve
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T or F: In recent years professionals in the area of early intervention have advocated for home-based programs for young children with disabilities.
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True
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A cognitive approach to instruction in which the teacher provides temporary support while students are learning a task and the support is gradually removed as the students are able to perform the task independently.
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scaffolded instruction
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Techniques that aid memory, such as using rhymes, songs, or visual images to remember information most of the day and English is taught as a separate subject.
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Mnemonics
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An approach to teaching language-minority students in which the students' native language is used for most of the day and English is taught as a separate subject
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Native language emphasis
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A method in which students and teachers are involved in a dialogue to facilitate learning.
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Reciprocal teaching
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A method in which language minority students are taught all their subjects in English at a level that is modified constantly according to individual's needs.
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Sheltered English approach
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A formative evaluation method designed to evaluate performance in the particular curriculum to which students are exposed and usually involves giving students a small sample of items from the school curriculum.
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Curriculum-based assessment
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T or F: An individual can beling to both a macroculture and a microculture.
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False: a culture and a subculture
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T or F: The number of microcultures represented in schools in the US has decreased in recent decades.
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True
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T or F: The community and the school both share a critical role in positive outcomes for children from diverse and multicultural backgrounds.
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True
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A system of communication in which parents and professionals write messages to each other by way of a notebook or log that accompanies the child to and from school
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Home-note programs
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Actions that is taken on behalf of oneself, parents or others in order to obtain needed or improved services
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Advocacy
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A refrencing to how cohesive and adaptable the family is
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Family interaction
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The degree to which families are able to change their modes of interaction when they encounter unusual or stressful situations.
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Family adaptability
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T or F: Professionals today regard partnerships with families and important ingredient in successful educational programming.
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True
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The IFSP addresses the needs of the child who has a disability, and it also focuses on his or her family by specifying what services the family needs to enhance the child's development.
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True
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T or F: Everyday routines that most families take for granted are frequently disrupted in families with children who are disabled.
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True
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T or F: Evidence is abundant that parents of children with disabilities undergo more than the average amount of stress
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True
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T or F: Social support refers to formal supports designed to provide social,emotional, and educational programming to young children with disabilities.
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False: refers to emotional, information, or matieral aid that is provided to persons in need.
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There is no universal ______reaction to the added stress of raising a child with a disability.
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parental
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Family size, cultural background, and socioeconomic level are family _____
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characteristics
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When teachers have a way of communicating with parents and having them reinoforce the behavior that occurs in school, they are using _____
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home-note programs
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The basis of the AAMR classification scheme; characterizes the amount of support needed for someone with mental retardation to function as competently as possible as 1)intermittent, 2) limited, 3)extensive, and 4)pervasive.
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Levels of support
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A motivational term referring to a condition wherin a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries, failure will result.
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Learned helplessness
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Deciding what strategies and tactics to use in particular situations, in setting goals, in problem solving, and in monitoring one's own performance in these tasks.
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Self-regulation
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Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and transfer of stimulus with mental retardation.
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Systematic instruction
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Practical skills such as reading a newspaper or telephone book.
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Functional academics
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Conceptual, social, and practical skills people have learned so they can function in their everyday lives.
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Adaptive behavior
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Resources in person's environment that can be used for support, such as friends, family, and co-workers.
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natural supports
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T or F: In most cases, we can identify the cause of mental retardation.
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False
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T or F: Given appropriate education, some individuals with mild mental retardation can improve their functioning to the point that they are no longer classified as mentally retarded.
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True
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T or F: AAMR recommended that professionals classify students with mental retardations according to how much support they need to function as competently as possible.
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True
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Prenatal causes of mental retardation occur _______ fetal development and include chromosomal disorder, inborn errors of metabolism, developmental disorders affecting the brain formation and environmental influences.
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During
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