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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6. emergence of group counseling
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group settings showed the powerful of groups on individuals
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satir
leveling |
teching members to own persoan feelings and express them clearly
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linear causality
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one action is seen as the cause of another
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whitaker
(experiential) when working with families uses absurdity: |
a stmt that is half true and even silly if followed out to its conclusion
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8. multicultural changes
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-importance of cultural background in treating families
-inherited culture-ex.ethnicity, nationality -acquired culture-learned habits |
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5. growth of child guidence movt
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child guidance clinics concentrate on the treamtment & prevention of emotional disorders in children through an interdisciplinary approach
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5 main approaches to marriage & couple counseling
1.psychoanalytic |
-based on theory of object relations-addresses how relationships are developed across the generations
-objects are the significant others in one's environment -counselor uses transference -catharsis-(expression of pent up emotion) is a must -goal-gain new insights into their lives and change their behaviors |
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strategic(brief) family counseling
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-strive to resolve presenting problems and pay little attention to instilling insight
-major aspect-homework tasks |
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structural family counseling
2 techniques: |
1.family interaction
2.reframing-helping the family see its problem from a different and more positive perspective |
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strategic family counseling
technique prescribe the problem: |
place target behaviors(family fights) under the control of the counselor by making a behavior voluntary if family members comply & eliminating a behavior if family members resist the counselor's instructions
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interlocking pathologies
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unconscious and dysfunctional way of acting
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cutoff
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physical or psychological avoidance
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2. social cognitive theory
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-stresses learning through modeling and imitation
-also called social learning -focus-skill building in present |
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b)pseudomutuality
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a facade of family harmony that covers underlying tension between family members
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3. schizophrenia & families
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studies conducted in the area of family dynamics & the otiology of schizophrenia
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concepts to emerge were
a)double blind |
a person receives 2 contradictory messages at the same time and is unable to follow both
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4.emergence of marriage counseling
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focus on the marriage relationship rather that just the individuals involved
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c)marital schism
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overt marital conflict
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3. Bowen Family Systems Theory
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-focus-differentiation-distinguishing one's thoughts from one's emotions and oneself from others
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fusion
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undifferentiated emotional togetherness
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d)marital skewness
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pathological marriage in which one partner dominated the other
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narrative reasoning
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characterized by stories, meaningfulness and liveliness
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2.paradoxing
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insisting on just the opposite of what one wants
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4. Structural Strategic Theory
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-belief that when dysfunctional symptoms occur in a marriage, they are an attempt to help couples adapt
-goal-get couples to try new behaviors because their old behaviors aren't working |
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Structural strategic theory uses:
1.relabeling |
giving a new perspective to a behavior
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5. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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-based on: couples often become disturbed because of what they think rather than because of specific actions that occur in the relationship
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Aspect of REBT
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-irrational thinking-what leads to neurosis and relationship disturbance
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3.prescribing the symptom
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having the couple display voluntarily what they had previously manifested involuntarily, such as fighting
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triangulate
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focus on third party
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7.postwar changes
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increase in divorce, women's employment outside the home & expansion of the life span...those affected by these changes brought researchers, & theorists together
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all families deal with:
1.family cohesion |
emotional bonding
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experiential family counseling
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-concern for individual & family
-belief that dysfunctional families are made up of people who are incapable of autonomy or real intimacy |
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structural family counseling
structure |
the informal way in which a family organizes itself and interacts
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family life cycle
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stages a family goes through as it evolves over the years
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solution focused family counseling (milton erickson)
utilization principle |
whatever the client present sin counseling is a basis and means for client solutions and change
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2 ways to describe family dysfunstionality are:
1.enmeshment |
family environments in which members are overly dependent on each other or are undifferentiated
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4. family rules
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-redundency principle-small set of predictable rules that most families operate on
-counselors help them define or expand the rules under which they operate |
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behavioral family counseling
work is concentrated in 3 main areas: |
1.behavioral parent training
2.behavioral marriage counseling 3.treamtment of sexual dysfunctions |
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Satir-nonproductive roles
(experiential) |
1.placater:agrees & tries to please
2.blamer:dominates and finds fault 3.responsible analyzer:remains emotionally detached & intellectual 4.distractor:interrupts and constantly chatters about irrelevent topics |
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2.family adaptability
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ability to be flexible and change
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5. Morphogenesis
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-ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet challenging demands of internal and external factors
-requires: a)second order change-ability to make an entirely new response b)first order change-continuing to do more of the same things that have worked previously |
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psychodynamic family counseling
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-individual rather than social systems such as families
-goal-change the personality of family members so they can work with one another in a healthy and productive way |
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focus of REBT
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help individuals first and marriages second
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Family Counseling-usually there is a identified patient:
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an individual who is seen as the cause of trouble within the family structure
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structural family counseling
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-counselor joins in the family in a position of leadership
-aim to get the family to change the way it operates |
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2. equifinality
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-same origin may lead to different outcomes, same outcomes may result from different origin.
-treamtment focus-interactional family patterns rather than particular events |
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scapegoating
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one person is singled out as the cause of the family's problems
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solution focused therapy
technique miracle question |
let's suppose that tonight when you were sleeping a miracle happened that solved all the problems that brought you here. How would you know it? What would be different?
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family counseling emphasizes the following 6 concepts:
1.nonsummativity |
The family is greater than the sum of its parts
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behavioral family counseling
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-stress the importance of learning
-importance of family rules & skill training -behaviors determined by consequences rather than antecendants |
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solution focused therapy
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-belief small change will lead to big change
-enpowers client families -flexible and good research to proove effectiveness |
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Narrative family counseling
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-newest approach to family counseling
-based on narrative reasoning -families encouraged to externalize problems to colve them |
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similarities in marriage or family counseling and individual or group counseling center on
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theories
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circular causality
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events are related through a series of interacting feedback loops
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3. communication
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-content-factual info
-relationship-how the message is to be understood |
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2.triangulation
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family fusion situation in which one person in pulled in two different directions by the other members of the triangle
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6. homeostasis
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-families tend to stay in a steady, stable state of equilibrium unless otherwise forced to change
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2.general systems theory
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-how interaction of the parts influences the operation of the system as a whole
ex.mom with problem, family effected |
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8 events influenced marriage & family counseling since ww2
1.dev. of psychoanalysis |
-psychoanalysis extended approach to include family's in the late 1940's
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