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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is phonology?
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The sound system of a language; how words sound and are produced.
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What is semantics?
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The meanings of words and word combinations.
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What is syntax?
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Rules used to put words together into sentences.
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What is pragmatics?
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Conventions and strategies used in effective and socially acceptable verbal interactions.
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What is nativism?
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Theoretical perspective proposing that some knowledge is biologically built-in and present at birth or soon thereafter.
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What is a language acquisition device?
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Biologically built-in mechanism hypothesized to facilitate language learning.
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What is functionalism?
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Theoretical perspective of language development that emphasizes the purposed language serves for human beings.
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What is receptive language?
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The ability to understand the language one hears or reads?
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What is expressive language?
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The ability to communicate effectively through speaking and writing.
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What is holophrase?
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A single word used to express a complete thought; commonly observed in children's earliest speech.
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What is telegraphic speech?
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Short, grammatically incomplete sentences that include lexical (rather than grammatical) words almost exclusively; common in toddlers.
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What are phonemes?
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The smallest units of a spoken language that signify differences in meaning.
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What is figurative speech?
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Speech that communicates meaning beyond a literal interpretation of its words.
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What is narrative?
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Verbal account of a temporal sequence of events that are logically interconnected; a story.
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What are sociolinguistic behaviours?
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Social and culturally specific conventions that govern appropriate verbal interaction.
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What is the IRE cycle?
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Adult-child interaction pattern marked by adult initiation, child response, and adult evaluation; in Western cultures such a pattern is often seen in instructional settings.
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What is wait time?
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The length of time a teacher pauses, after either asking a question or hearing a student's comment, before saying something.
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What is metalinguistic awareness?
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Extent to which one consciously understands and thinks about the nature of language.
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What is bilingualism?
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Knowing and speaking two languages fluentely.
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What is immersion?
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Approach to second-language instruction in which students hear and speak that language almost exclusively in the classroom.
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What is bilingual education?
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Approach to second-language instruction in which students are instructed in academic subject areas in their native language while simultaneously being taught to speak and read in the second language.
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What is Standard English?
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Form on English generally considered acceptable in school (as reflected in textbooks, grammar instruction, etc.) and in the media.
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What is dialect?
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Form of a language characteristic of a particular geographic region or ethnic group.
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What are speech and communication disorders?
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Disability characterized by abnormalities in producing or understanding spoken language, to the point where special educational services are needed.
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