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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Get Over It" theory student in previous years who had severe public speaking anxiety but wanted to be a teacher |
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Stages of Cognitive Development |
Piaget |
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Name Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
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Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational |
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develops schemes primarily through sense and motor activities recognizes permanence of objects not seen Piaget |
Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development |
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2-7yrs gradually acquires ability to conserve and decenter, but is not capable of operations or mentally reversing actions Piaget |
Preoperational stage of cognitive development |
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7-11yrs capable of operations but solves problems by generalizing from concrete experiences is not able to manipulate conditions mentally unless they have been experienced Piaget |
Concrete operational stage of cognitive development |
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able to deal with abstractions, form hypotheses, solve problems systematically, and engage in mental manipulations Piaget |
Formal operational stage of cognitive development |
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Epigenetic Development |
Eric Erikson |
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Name the five stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Development |
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion |
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because infants are totally dependent on adults for their well-being, the first crisis to be resolved concerns trust Erikson |
Trust vs Mistrust |
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2 - 3 years preschool children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feeling of shame and doubt Erikson |
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preschool to kindergarten children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment success leads to a sense of purpose children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt Erikson |
Initiative vs Guilt
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elementary to middle school children need to cope with new social and academic demands success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority Erikson |
Industry vs Inferiority |
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middle through high school teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self Erikson |
Identity vs Role Confusion |
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Cooperative Learning
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David Johnson and Roger Johnson |
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small groups of four to five students work together to master various aspects of a particular task motivates students to learn students will form stronger interpersonal relationships than they would by working alone |
Cooperative Learning |
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-ZPD -Scaffolding |
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Vygotsky |
Zone of Proximal Development
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pair advanced learners with developing ones provide prompts, links, guides, and structures fade when appropriate Vygotsky |
Scaffolding |
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Multiple Intelligences |
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Name Gardner's 8 multiple intelligences |
Linguistic Bodily Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Spatial Musical Naturalist |
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ability to handle long chains of reasoning |
Logical-Mathematical multiple intelligence |
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sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words sensitivity to the different functions of language |
Linguistic multiple intelligence |
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appreciation of the forms of musical expression |
Musical multiple intelligence |
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capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformation's on one's initial perceptions
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Spatial multiple intelligence |
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abilities to control one's body movements and handle objects skillfully |
Bodily-Kinesthetic multiple intelligence |
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capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people
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Interpersonal multiple intelligence
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knowledge of one's own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences |
Intrapersonal multiple intelligence
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talent of caring for, taming, and interacting with various living creatures |
Naturalist multiple intelligence |
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a theory formulated by Howard Gardner that describes intelligence as being composed of eight mostly independent capabilities
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Theory of Multiple Intelligences |
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Moral dilemmas |
Lawrence Kohlberg |
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Name Kohlberg's 6 moral dilemmas |
individualism and exchange interpersonal relationships authority and social order social contract universal principles |
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based on avoiding punishment a focus on the consequences of actions rather than intentions Kohlberg |
Obedience and Punishment moral dilemma |
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Kohlberg |
Individualism and Exchange moral dilemma |
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"Good boy/girl" attitudes sees individuals as filling social roles Kohlberg |
Interpersonal Relationships moral dilemma |
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social obedience is a must to maintaining a functional society Kohlberg |
Authority and Social Order moral dilemma
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realization that law is contingent on culture Kohlberg |
Social Contract moral dilemma |
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individual begins to obey these above the law Kohlberg |
Universal Principles moral dilemma |
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females solve moral problems better than males
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Carol Gilligan |
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adolescent identity statuses |
James Marcia |
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a style of approach that adolescents adopt to deal with such identity related issues as career goal, gender-role orientation, and religious beliefs |
Identity Statuses |
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Name Marcia's 4 identity statuses |
Foreclosure Moratorium Identity Achievement |
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weak commitment not self-directed disorganized, impulsive, low self-esteem alienated from parents Marica |
identity status |
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not experienced strong commitment close-minded, authoritarian, low in anxiety Marcia |
Foreclosure identity status |
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partially experienced weak commitment anxious, dissatisfied with school changes major often, daydreams Marcia |
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strong commitment introspective more planful, rational, and logical in decision making Marcia |
Identity Achievement identity status
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used mostly for math and reading |
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difficulty in taking another person's point of view a characteristic typical in young children child thinks the sun goes down at night because he doesn't need it anymore |
egocentrism |
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an organized pattern of behavior or thought that children formulate as they interact with their environment |
scheme |
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you look at the WHOLE picture |
Field-Dependent learning style |
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you look at it in pieces |
Field-Independent learning style |
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you do it over and over again until you get it right |
Mastery Learning |
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Enrichment Activities |
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involves the teaching of one student by another based on evidence that a child's cognitive growth benefits from exposure to alternative cognitive schemes |
Peer Tutoring |
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Give 4 reasons why teaching is an art |
unpredictable creative flexibility conveying emotions |
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Give 4 reasons why teaching is a science
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use of research technologically advancing knowing content applications of research |
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Give 4 reasons why teaching is both an art and a science
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teachers need to be artistic scholars use of multiple teaching methods teachers are performers have to use artistic and scientific aspects to create the best teaching environment |
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to be an effective teacher in today's world, you need to be aware of the characteristics of various cultures |
Multicultural Education |
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Name the 4 basic approaches to multicultural education |
Ethnic Additive approach Transformative approach Decision-Making and Social Action approach |
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ethnic historical figures whose values and behaviors are consistent with American mainstream culture (Booker T. Washington) are studied, whereas individuals who have challenged the dominant view (W.E.B. DuBois) are ignored |
Contributions Approach |
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an instructional unit composed of concepts, themes, points of view, and individual accomplishments is simply added to the curriculum |
Ethnic Additive Approach |
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the assumption that there is no one valid way of understanding people, event, concepts, and themes rather, there are multiple views and each has something of value to offer |
Transformative Approach |
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multicultural education approach incorporates all of the components of the other approaches and adds the requirement that students make decisions and take actions concerning a concept, issue, or problem being studied |
Decision-Making and Social Action Approach |
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the tendency of students to behave in ways they think the teacher expects them to |
Teacher Expectancy Effect |
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What factors influence teacher expectancy?
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ethnic background achievement attractiveness gender |
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not supported by research low, middle, and high range groups |
Between-class ability grouping |
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supported by research works better |
Within-class ability grouping |
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Give 3 examples of assumptions made concerning ability grouping
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-intelligence is a fixed inherited trait -little can be done to change the learning capacity of individuals -intelligence can be adequately measured by an IQ test -all students learn best when grouped with those of similar ability |
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a requirement that disabled children be provided with education in the least restrictive setting possible, usually by including them in regular classrooms
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least restrictive environment |
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the policy of placing students with disabilities in regular classrooms
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mainstreaming |
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students with disabilities are placed in regular classrooms for the entire school day and receive some instruction and support from a special education teacher |
inclusion |
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the practice of eliminating pullout programs and providing regular teachers with special training so as to keep special-needs students in regular classrooms |
full inclusion |
