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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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small muscle developmt
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developmt of dexterity of the fine muscles of the hand
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large muscle developmt
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developmt of motor sills such as running or throwing which involves the limbs and large muscles
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emergent literacy
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knowledge & skills relating to reading that children usually develop from experience with books & other print media before the beginning of formal reading instruction in school
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whole language
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educational philosophy that emphasizes the integration of reading, writing, & language & communication, skills across the curriculum in the context of authentic or real life materials, problems and tasks
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peers
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people who are equal in age or status
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prosocial behaviors
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actions that show respect & caring for others
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solitary play
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play that occurs alone
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parallel play
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play in which children engage in the same activity side by side, but with very little interaction or mutual influence
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associative play
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play that is much like parallel play, but with increased levels of interaction in the form of sharing, turn-taking, & general interest in what others are doing
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cooperative play
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play in which children join together to achieve a common goal
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readiness training
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instruction in the background skills & knowledge that prepare children for formal teaching later
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compensatory preschool programs
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programs are designed to prepare disadvantaged children for entry into kindergarten and 1st grade
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early intervention programs
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compensatory preschool programs that target very young children at the greatest risk of school failure
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self concept
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a person's perception of his/her own strengths, weaknesses, abilities, attitudes, & values
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self esteem
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the value each of us places on our own characteristics, abilities and behaviors
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social comparison
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the process of comparing oneself to others to gather & to evaluate & judge one's abilities, attitudes and conduct
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puberty
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developmtal stage at which a person becomes capable of reproduction
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reflectivity
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the tendency to analyze oneself & one's own thoughts
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intelligence quotient
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IQ: an intelligence test score that for people of average intelligence should be near 100
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multiple intelligences
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in gardner's theory of intelligence, a person's & separate abilities: logical/mathematical, linguistic, musical, naturalist, spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, inter/intrapersonal
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learning styles
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orientations for approaching learning tasks & processing info in certain ways
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field independence
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cognitive style in which separate parts of a pattern are perceived & analyzed
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field dependence
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cognitive style in which patterns are perceived as a whole
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aptitude-treatmt interaction
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interaction of individual differences as in learning with particular teaching methods
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culture
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language, abilities, ways of behaving, and other aspects of life that characterize a group of people
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socioeconomic status
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SES: a measure of prestige within a social group that is most often based on income and education
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ethnic group
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a group within in a larger society that sees itself as having a common history, social & cultural heritage & traditions, often based on race, religion, language, or national identity
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ethnicity
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a history, culture, & sense of identity shared by a group of people
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race
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visible genetic characteristics of individuals that cause them to be seen as members of the same broad group(african, asian, caucasian)
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minority group
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an ethnic or racial group that is a minority within a broader population
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language minority
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in the U.S., native speakers of any language other than english
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limited english profiecient
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LEP: possessing limited mastery of english
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english as second language
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ESL: subj taught in english classes and programs for students who are not native speakers of english
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bilingual education
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instructional program for students who speak little or no english in which some instruction is provided in the native language
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multicultural education
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education that teaches the value of cultural diversity
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content integration
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teachers' use of examples, data, and other info from a variety of cultures
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knowledge construction
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helping students understand how the knowledge we take in is influenced by our origins & points of view
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prejudice reduction
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a critical goal of multicultural education; involves developmt of positive relationships & tolerant attitudes among students of different backgrounds
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equity pedagogy
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teaching techniques that facilitate the academic success of students from different ethnic & social class groups
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empowering school culture
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a school culture in which the institution's organization & practices are conducive to the academic & emotional growth of all students
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gender bias
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stereotypical views & differentiated treatmt of males and females, often favoring one gender over the other
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intelligence
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general aptitude for learning, often measured by the ability to deal with abstractions & to solve problems
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language disorders
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impairmts in one's ability to understand language, or to express ideas in one's native language
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emotional & behavioral disorders
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exceptional characterized by problems with learning, interpersonal relationships, & control of feelings & behavior
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conduct disorders
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socioemotional & behavioral disorders that are indicated in individuals who for ex. are chronically disobedient or disruptive
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autism
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a category of disability that signicantly affects social interaction, verbal & nonverbal communication, & educational performance
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sensory impairmts
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problems w/the ability to receive info though the body's senses
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vision loss
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degree of incorrectable inability to see well
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hearing disabilities
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degree of deafness; uncorrectable inability to hear well
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giftedness
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exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, or talent
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acceleration programs
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rapid promotion through advanced studies for students who are gifted or talented
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enrichmt programs
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programs in which assignments or activities are designed to broaden or deepen the knowledge of students who master classrm lessons quickly
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special education
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programs that address the needs of students with mental, emotional, or physical disabilities
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Public Law 94-142
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federal law enacted in 1975 requiring provision of special education services to eligible students
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individuals w/disabilities education act
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IDEA: P.L. 101-476, a federal law enacted in 1990 that changed the name of P.L. 94-142 & broadened services to adolescents w/disabilities
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IDEA '97
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public law 105-17, enacted in 1997 to reauthorize the IDEA(P.L. 101-476) & add provisions for greater parental & classrm teacher involvemt in the education of students w/special needs
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least restrictive environment
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provision in IDEA that requires students w/disabilities to be educated w/nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate
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learners w/exceptionalities
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any individuals whose physical, mental or behavioral performance is so different from the norm-either higher or lower-that additional services are needed to meet the individuals' needs
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disability
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the limitation of a function, such as cognitive processing & physical or sensory abilities
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handicap
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a condition imposed on a person with disabilities by society, the physical environment, or the person's attitude
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mental retardation
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a condition usually present at birth, that results in below-average intellectual skills & poor adaptive behavior
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learning disabilities
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LD: disorder that impede academic progress of people who are not mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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ADHD: a disorder characterized by difficulties maintaining attention b/c of a limited ability to concentrate; includes impulsive actions & hyperactive behavior
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speech disorders
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oral articulation problems, occurring most frequently among children in the early elementary school grades
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mainstreaming
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the temporal, instructional & social integration of eligible children w/exceptionalities w/peers w/o exceptionalities based on an ongoing, individually determined educational planning & programming process
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individualized education program
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IEP: a program tailored to the needs of a learner with exceptionalities
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foreclosure
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an adolescent's premature establishmt of an identity based on parental choices, not on his/her own
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identity diffusion
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inability to develop a clear direction or sense of self
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moratorium
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experimental w/occupational & idealogical choices w/o definite commitmt
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identity achievemt
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a state of consolidation reflecting conscious clear cut decisions concerning occupation and idealogy
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