Ecs Joint Mobilizations Written Exam

Front 1

this is a manual therapy technique comprising a continuum of skilled passive movements to the joints and/or related soft tissues that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes

Back 1

joint mobilization/manipulation

Front 2

this is a passive joint movement for increasing ROM or decreasing pain; applied to joints at varying speeds using physiologic or accessory motions

Back 2

mobilization

Front 3

this is a passive joint movement for increasing joint mobility that incorporates a sudden, forceful thrust that is beyond the patient's control

Back 3

manipulation

Front 4

these are self-stretching techniques that specifically use joint traction or glides that direct that stretch force to the joint capsule

Back 4

self-mobilization (automobilization)

Front 5

these are concurrent application of a sustained accessory mobilization applied by a clinican and an active physiologic movement to end range applied by the patient

Back 5

mobilization with movement (MWM)

Front 6

what are three uses of joint mobilizations?

Back 6

(1) modulate pain
(2) increase ROM
(3) treat joint dysfunctions that limit ROM by specifically addressing altered joint mechanics

Front 7

what are five factors that may alter joint mechanics?

Back 7

(1) pain and muscle guarding
(2) joint hypomobility
(3) joint effusion
(4) contractures or adhesions in the joint capsules or supporting ligaments
(5) malalignment or subluxation of bony surfaces

Front 8

what are the two things that you are looking for during a joint mobilization?

Back 8

(1) changes in tissue tension
(2) patient's response

Front 9

careful observation of a joint's PICR includes what three things?

Back 9

(1) observation of skeletal/bone motion during AROM
(2) changes in the muscle can affect joint motion
(3) the muscle impairment may cause poor joint tracking, particularly when it is at the end range

Front 10

motions of the bones

Back 10

osteokinematics

Front 11

motions that are performed voluntarily, such as flexion, extension, abduction, etc.

Back 11

physiological movements

Front 12

these are the different directions of motion of which each joint is capable

Back 12

degrees of freedom

Front 13

refers to motions of the bone surfaces within the joint; accessory motions

Back 13

arthrokinematics

Front 14

use an active contraction of deep muscles that attach near the joint and whose line of pull can cause the desired accessory motion (joint play)

Back 14

muscle energy techniques

Front 15

what are the five arthrokinematic motions?

Back 15

slide, roll, spin, compression, distractin

Front 16

this is a high-velocity, short amplitude motion that the patient can not prevent; used to snap adhesions and stimulate joint receptors

Back 16

thrust

Front 17

this arthrokinematic movement occurs when one bone rotates around a stationary longitudinal mechanical axis (i.e. shoulder flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension)

Back 17

spin

Front 18

this arthrokinematic motion is when a series of points on one articulating surface come into contact with a series of points on another surface (i.e. femoral condyles on tibial plateau)

Back 18

roll

Front 19

this arthrokinematic motion is when a specific point on one surface comes into contact with a series of points on another surface

Back 19

slide

Front 20

the treatment plane of a joint follows which surface, convex or concave?

Back 20

concave

Front 21

this arthrokinematic movement is when two surfaes are pulled apart, and are often used to increase stretch fo the capsule, alleviate compression on related tissues

Back 21

traction/distraction

Front 22

this arthrokinematic motion is when two surfaces are pressed together; used to add stability to a joint

Back 22

compression

Front 23

what arthrokinematic motion is a normal reaction of a joint to muscle contraction?

Back 23

compression

Front 24

in what portion of the spine is rotation of the atlas coupled with slight lateral flexion ot th eother side?

Back 24

Craniocervical spine (C0/1/2)

Front 25

in this section of the spine, lateral flexion and rotation occur ipsilaterally

Back 25

cervical spine (C2-C7)

Front 26

in this section of the spine, lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation occur together, in that the spinous processes move toward the convexity of the lateral curvature

Back 26

thoracic spine

Front 27

research suggests there is an overall contralateral pattern in the couple movements of which part of the spine?

Back 27

lumbar spine

Front 28

this is the position of the joint where the articulating surfaces are maximally separated, and there are minimal compression forces; joint exhibits greatest amount of excursion here

Back 28

open-packed

Front 29

in what position is joint mobility assessed, and do joint mobilizations often begin in?

Back 29

open-packed

Front 30

this joint position is the position of maximal congruency of the articular surfaces; ligamentous structures are on maximal stretch and this may be used when you progress the vigor of a joint mob technique

Back 30

close-packed position

Front 31

this is a characteristic pattern oflimitation of certain movements for a joint, and is specific for each joint. Limited in a fixed proportion, not a fixed degree, and indicates that the entire joint capsule is restricted

Back 31

capsular pattern of restriction

Front 32

this is an objective finding found on examination that reproduces the pain or demonstrates the abnormality relevant to why the patient is seeking treatment

Back 32

comparable sign

Front 33

this is the motion you assess before and after performing a joint mobilization technique to assess any improvement in the joint condition

Back 33

comparable sign

Front 34

this is the point in movement where the therapist feels something pushing back

Back 34

resistance

Front 35

this is the resistance point where there is an ONSET of resistance

Back 35

R1

Front 36

this is the resistance point where there is an anatomical barrie

Back 36

R2

Front 37

this is the soft tissue limit that has a soft to hard endfeel and is the end of active range of motion

Back 37

physiological barrier

Front 38

this is the final limit to motion and has a firm endfeel, and further movement would cause damage. This is R2, the end of passive joint motion

Back 38

anatomical barrier

Front 39

this is a tissue sensation at the end of passive range of motion assessed by the therapist

Back 39

endfeel

Front 40

in the Maitland technique, this grade is a small amplitude within resistance free range of motion

Back 40

Grade I

Front 41

in the Maitland technique, this grade is a large amplitude within resistance free range of motion

Back 41

Grade II

Front 42

in the Maitland technique, this grade is a large amplitude into resistance

Back 42

Grade III

Front 43

in the Maitland technique, this grade is a small amplitude into resistance

Back 43

Grade IV

Front 44

what are the three nutritional effects of joint mobilization?

Back 44

(1) small gliding motions cause synovial fluid movement
(2) distributes synovial fluid to atrophied or avascular articular cartilage
(3) movement can improve nutrient exchange due to joint swelling and immobilization

Front 45

what are two mechanical effects of joint mobilization?

Back 45

(1) maintains extensibility and tensile strength of articular and periarticular tissues
(2) improves mobility of hypomobile joints (adhesions and thickened CT from immobilization loosens)

Front 46

what is the neurophysiological effect of joint mobilization?

Back 46

provides sensory/afferent input to joint receptors for regulation of muscle tone, static position, speed of movement, change of speed, sense of direction and alter nociceptive stimuli

Front 47

what are the five principles of assessment from a joint perspective?

Back 47

(1) determine need for mobilization
(2) relate to diagnosis
(3) establish relationship of pain and resistance
(4) determine choice of technique, dosage, progression and effect of treatment
(5) performed at initial exam, during and betwen treatment techniques and at the end of te treatment session

Front 48

what are 6 indications for joint mobilization?

Back 48

(1) joint hypomobility
(2) joint pain
(3) muscle spasm/guarding
(4) correct position faults
(5) prevent loss of motion and maintain joint play
(6) joint nutrition

Front 49

in theory, this is a positional fault of a joint that exists with joint stiffness, preventing that joint from returning to its neutral or rest position

Back 49

mechanical dysfunction of a joint

Front 50

what are the five possible causes of mechanical dysfunction of a joint?

Back 50

(1) lack of tracking of opposing joint surfaces
(2) Hitching within the joint, roughened surface
(3) thixotripic property of the synovial fluid-get sticky
(4) fringe of synovium caught between joint surface
(5) meniscoids in the zygapophyseal joints entrapped

Front 51

what are five contraindications to joint mobilization?

Back 51

(1) evidence of vertebrobasilar insufficiency
(2) serious pathology such as bone disease, malignancy of the spine, infection
(3) post-surgical fusions
(4) spinal cord signs
(5) new total joint replacements

Front 52

the earliest signs of joint dysfunction are often abnormalities in what type of motions?

Back 52

accessory

Front 53

what are the duration parameters for a joint mobilization technique treating pain?

Back 53

10-30 seconds, 1-3 bouts

Front 54

what are the duration parameters for a joint mobilization technique treating stiffness?

Back 54

30-60 second bouts, 3-6 bouts

Front 55

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the hip joint?

Back 55

concave acetabulum, receives convex femoral head

Front 56

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the tibiofemoral joint?

Back 56

concave tibial plateaus articulate with convex femoral condyles

Front 57

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the talocrural joint?

Back 57

convex talus articulates with concave mortise (tibia and fibula)

Front 58

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the subtalar joint?

Back 58

convex calcaneus articulates with concave talus

Front 59

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the GH joint?

Back 59

concave glenoid fossa receives the convex humeral head

Front 60

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the humeroulnar joint

Back 60

convex trochlea (humerus) articulates with concave olecranon (ulna)

Front 61

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the humeroradial joint?

Back 61

convex capitulum (humerus) articulates with concave radial head

Front 62

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 62

convex rim of radial head articulates with concave radial notch on ulna

Front 63

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the distal radioulnar joint?

Back 63

concave ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the convex head of ulna

Front 64

what are the concave-convex surfaces at the radiocarpal joint?

Back 64

concave distal radius articulates with convex proximal row of carpals (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium)

Front 65

what is the resting position of the hip?

Back 65

30 degrees flexion and abduction, slight ER

Front 66

what are three mobilizations that can increase flexion at the hip?

Back 66

(1) caudal glide resting
(2) caudal glide in flexion
(3) physiological flexion

Front 67

what are the arthrokinematics of hip flexion?

Back 67

anterior roll, posterior glide

Front 68

what is the resting position of the tibiofemoral joint of the knee?

Back 68

25 degrees flexion

Front 69

what is the resting position of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Back 69

25 degrees flexion at knee, 10 degrees PF

Front 70

what is the resting position of the patellofemoral joint of the knee?

Back 70

0 degrees extension

Front 71

what are three mobilizations that can increase knee flexion?

Back 71

(1) patellofemoral caudal glide
(2) patellofemoral medial and lateral glides
(3) tibiofemoral posterior glide (tibia on femur)

Front 72

what are the arthrokinematics of knee flexion?

Back 72

posterior roll, posterior glide)

Front 73

what are four mobilizations that can increase knee extension?

Back 73

(1) patellofemoral cephalad glide
(2) patellofemoral medial and lateral glide
(3) tibiofemoral anterior glide (tibia on femur) (or posterior glide of femur on tibia)
(4) physiological extension

Front 74

what is the resting position of the distal tibiofibular joint?

Back 74

10 degrees talocrural plantarflexion

Front 75

what is the resting position of the talocrural joint?

Back 75

10 degrees talocrural plantarflexion, neutral inversion/eversion

Front 76

what is the resting position of the subtalar joint?

Back 76

10 degrees talocrural plantarflexion, neutral inversion/eversion

Front 77

what are three mobilizations that increase dorsiflexion in the ankle?

Back 77

(1) distal tib/fib posterior glide
(2) talocrural posterior glide
(3) talocrural caudal glide

Front 78

what are the arthrokinematics of dorsiflexion at the ankle?

Back 78

anterior roll, posterior glide

Front 79

what are two mobilizations that can incrase plantarflexion at the ankle?

Back 79

(1) talocrural anterior glide
(2) talocrural caudal glide

Front 80

what are the arthrokinematics of plantarflexion at the ankle?

Back 80

posterior roll, anterior glide

Front 81

what are two mobilizations that increase eversion at the ankle?

Back 81

(1) subtalar medial glide
(2) talocrural caudal glide

Front 82

what are the arthrokinematics of ankle eversion?

Back 82

lateral roll, medial glide

Front 83

what are two mobilizations that increase inversion at the ankle?

Back 83

(1) subtalar lateral glide
(2) talocrural caudal glide

Front 84

what are the arthrokinematics of ankle inversion?

Back 84

medial roll, lateral glide

Front 85

what are five mobilizations that can increase GH joint flexion?

Back 85

(1) lateral distraction at neutral
(2) lateral distraction at 90
(3) posterior glide
(4) posterior glide in 90
(5) physiological flexion

Front 86

what are the arthrokinematics of GH joint flexion?

Back 86

spinning of humeral head on glenoid fossa

Front 87

what are three mobilizations that can increase horizontal adduction at the GH joint?

Back 87

(1) lateral distraction in neutral
(2) lateral distraction at 90
(3) posterior glide in 90

Front 88

what are the arthrokinematics of humeral horizontal adduction?

Back 88

anterior roll, posterior glide

Front 89

what are three mobilizations that can increase abduction at the GH joint?

Back 89

(1) lateral distraction neutral
(2) caudal glide
(3) caudal glide in 90 abduction

Front 90

what are the arthrokinematics of internal rotation at the GH joint? (with arm down by side)

Back 90

anterior roll, posterior glide

Front 91

what are two mobilizations that can increase internal rotation at the GH joint?

Back 91

(1) lateral distraction neutral
(2) posterior glide

Front 92

what are two mobilizations that can increase external rotation at the GH joint?

Back 92

(1) lateral distraction neutral
(2) physiological lateral rotation

Front 93

what are the arthrokinematics of external rotation at the GH joint? (with arm down by side)

Back 93

posterior roll, anterior glide

Front 94

what is the resting position of the humeroulnar joint?

Back 94

70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination

Front 95

what is the resting position of the humeroradial joint?

Back 95

elbow extension, forearm supination

Front 96

what is the resting position of the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 96

70 degrees elbow flexion, 35 degrees supination

Front 97

what are three mobilizations that increase elbow flexion?

Back 97

(1) humeroulnar distraction
(2) humeroulnar distraction progressiom
(3) humeroradial volar glide

Front 98

what are the arthrokinematics of elbow joint flexion?

Back 98

anterior roll, anterior glide

Front 99

what are three mobilizations that increase elbow extension?

Back 99

(1) humeroulnar distraction
(2) humeroulnar distraction progression
(3) humeroulnar dorsal glide

Front 100

what are the arthrokinematics of elbow joint extension?

Back 100

posterior roll, posterior glide

Front 101

what is a mobilization that can increase forearm supination?

Back 101

proximal radioulnar volar glide

Front 102

what is a mobilization that can increase fororearm pronation?

Back 102

proximal radioulnar dorsal glide

Front 103

what are the arthrokinematics of forearm supination?

Back 103

anterior roll, posterior glide

Front 104

what are the arthrokinematics of forearm pronation?

Back 104

posterior roll, anterior glide

Front 105

what is the resting position of the distal radioulnar joint?

Back 105

10 degrees supination

Front 106

what is the resting position of the radiocarpal joint?

Back 106

neutral to slight wrist extension

Front 107

what are 8 mobilizations that can increase wrist flexion?

Back 107

(1) radiocarpal distraction
(2) radiocarpal dorsal glide
(3) scaphoid on radius dorsal glide
(4) lunate on radius dorsal glide
(5) triquetrium on disc dorsal glide
(6) trapezium on scaphoid volar glide
(7) triquetrium on hamate volar glide
(8) lunate on capitate volar glide

Front 108

what are the arthrokinematics of wrist flexion?

Back 108

volar roll, dorsal glide

Front 109

what are nine mobilizations that can increase wrist extension?

Back 109

(1) radiocarpal distraction
(2) radiocarpal volar glide
(3) scaphoid on radius volar glide
(4) lunate on radius volar glide
(5) triquetrium on disc volar glide
(6) scaphoid on trapezium/trapezoid volar glide
(7) hamate on triquetrium volar glide
(8) capitate on lunate volar glide
(9) trapezoid on capitate volar glide

Front 110

what are the arthrokinematics of wrist extension?

Back 110

dorsal roll, volar glide

Front 111

what are two mobilizations that increase supination of the forearm at the DRUJ?

Back 111

(1) distal radioulnar joint dorsal glide
(2) radiocarpal distraction

Front 112

what are two mobilizations that increase pronation of the forearm at the DRUJ?

Back 112

(1) distal radioulnar joint volar glide
(2) radiocarpal distraction

Front 113

what is the resting position of the MCP joint?

Back 113

slight flexion

Front 114

what is the resting position of the MTP joints?

Back 114

10 degrees extension

Front 115

what are two mobilizations that will increase flexion of the MCP joint?

Back 115

(1) MP distraction
(2) MP volar glide

Front 116

what are the arthrokinematics of MCP flexion?

Back 116

volar roll, volar glide

Front 117

what are two mobilizations that will increase extension of the MCP joint?

Back 117

(1) MP distraction
(2) MP dorsal glide

Front 118

what are the arthrokinematics of MCP extension?

Back 118

dorsal roll, dorsal glide

Front 119

what is a mobilization that can increase flexion at the MTP joint?

Back 119

plantar glide

Front 120

what are the arthrokinematics of MTP flexion?

Back 120

plantar roll, plantar glide

Front 121

what is a mobilization that can increase extension at the MTP joint?

Back 121

dorsal glide

Front 122

what are the arthrokinematics of MTP extension?

Back 122

dorsal roll, dorsal glide

Front 123

what is the resting position of the lumbar spine?

Back 123

slight flexion

Front 124

what is the closepacked position of the lumbar spine?

Back 124

extension and ipsilateral side bending

Front 125

what is the capsular pattern of the lumbar spine?

Back 125

equal limitation of ipsilateral side bending, and extension greater than flexion

Front 126

what are three things that you are assessing with PPIVMS of the spine?

Back 126

(1) quantity of movement
(2) quality of movement
(3) end range

Front 127

what are four mobilizations for central symptoms in the lumbar spine?

Back 127

(1) central PA (increase overall ROM, extension esp.)
(2) unilateral PA (performed bilaterally to increase overall ROM, extension)
(3) rotation mob performed bilaterally
(4) passive flexion or extension PPIVM

Front 128

what are three mobilizations for unilateral symptoms in the lumbar spine?

Back 128

(1) unilateral PAs to increase rotation and sidebending
(2) rotation to one direction
(3) sidebending as a PPIVM to one direction

Front 129

what spinal mobilizations would you use for someone with a flexion impairment of the lumbar spine?

Back 129

central and unilateral PAs bilaterally to increase accessory glide for extension

Front 130

what spinal mobilizations would you use for someone with an extension impairment of the lumbar spine?

Back 130

flexion PPIVMS or rotation mob performed in both directions to gap facets and improve flexion

Front 131

what spinal mobilizations would you use for someone with a rotation impairment of the lumbar spine?

Back 131

rotation mob in the direction that may correct impairment; sidebending PPIVM

Front 132

what four thoracic vertebrae have spinous processes that are in the same plane as the transverse processes and vertebral bodies?

Back 132

T1-T3, T12

Front 133

what are the four thoracic vertebrae whose spinous processes project downward halfway between its own TPs and the one below it?

Back 133

T4-T6, T11

Front 134

what are the four vertebrae whose spinous process projects downward in the plane a full level below its own transverse processes?

Back 134

T7-T9, T10

Front 135

what are six mobilizations used in the thoracic spine for central symptoms?

Back 135

(1) central PA to increase overall ROM esp ext
(2) unilateral PA bilaterally
(3) unilateral PA on costovertebral joints/ribs bilaterally
(4) rotation mob bilaterally
(5) sidebending mob bilaterally
(6) passive flexion or extension PPIVM

Front 136

what are the five mobilizations used in the thoracic spine for unilateral symptoms?

Back 136

(1) unilateral PAs to increase rotation and sidebending
(2) unilateral PA on costovertebral joints/ribs
(3) rotation to one direction
(4) sidebending mob to one direction
(5) sidebending as a PPIVM to one direction

Front 137

what are five mobilizations used in the cervical spine for central symptoms?

Back 137

(1) central PA
(2) unilateral PA performed bilaterally
(3) rotation mob performed bilaterally
(4) cervical distraction
(5) flexion or extension PPIVM

Front 138

what are six mobilizations used in the cervical spine for unilateral symptoms?

Back 138

(1) unilateral PAs for rotation and sidebending
(2) unilateral PA on costovertebral joints and along ribs
(3) Rotation to one direction
(4) cervical distraction
(5) sidebending as a PPIVM to one direction
(6) SNAGs

Front 139

how would you differentiate between vertebrobasilar insufficiency and vestibular issues?

Back 139

perform standing test (holding head in full rotation for 10 seconds)

Front 140

what is the comparable sign for hip caudal glide in neutral?

Back 140

any limited movement (flexion is easiest)

Front 141

what is the comparable sign for hip caudal glide in 90 flexion?

Back 141

hip flexion

Front 142

what is the comparable sign for physiological flexion?

Back 142

hip flexion

Front 143

which way does the patella glide during knee flexion?

Back 143

inferiorly

Front 144

which way does the patella glide during knee extension?

Back 144

superiorly

Front 145

what is the comparable sign for patellofemoral caudal glide?

Back 145

knee flexion

Front 146

what is the comparable sign for patellofemoral cephalad glide?

Back 146

extension

Front 147

what are the comparable signs for patellofemoral medial/lateral glides?

Back 147

knee flexion or extension

Front 148

what is the comparable sign for posterior glide of tibia on the femur at the tibiofemoral joint?

Back 148

knee flexion

Front 149

what is the comparable sign for anterior glide of tibia on the femur at the tibiofemoral joint?

Back 149

knee extension

Front 150

what is the normal way for the fibula to move on the tibia during knee flexion?

Back 150

anterior glide of fibula on tibia with knee flexion

Front 151

when the person is moving from neutral to dorsiflexion, what is the normal motion of the fibula in relation to the tibia at the distal tibiofibular joint?

Back 151

(1) fibula medially rotates
(2) lateral displacement (widening)
(3) posterior and superior glide

Front 152

during plantarflexion, what is the normal motion of the fibula in relation to the tibia at the distal tibiofibular joint?

Back 152

narrowing

Front 153

what can you use an anterior glide mobilization with movement at the proximal tibiofibular joint to correct?

Back 153

posterior positional fault of fibula

Front 154

what is the comparable sign for the anterior glide mobilization with movement at the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Back 154

painful ankle motion, pain with weightbaring in knee flexion, posterior lateral knee pain

Front 155

what is the comparable sign for posterior glide at the distal tibiofibular joint?

Back 155

dorsiflexion

Front 156

what is the comparable sign for posterior glide of the talocrural joint?

Back 156

dorsiflexion

Front 157

what is the comparable sign for talocrural anterior glide?

Back 157

plantarflexion

Front 158

what is the comparable sign for caudal glide at the talocrural joint?

Back 158

any limited movement (pick most limited)

Front 159

what is the comparable sign for lateral glide at the subtalar joint?

Back 159

inversion

Front 160

what is the comparable sign for medial glide at the subtalar joint?

Back 160

eversion

Front 161

what is the comparable sign for dorsal glide at the MTP joint?

Back 161

MTP extension

Front 162

what is the comparable sign for plantar glide at the MTP joint?

Back 162

MTP flexion

Front 163

what is the capsular pattern of the thoracic spine?

Back 163

equal limitation in all directions

Front 164

what is the capsular pattern of the cervical spine?

Back 164

approximately equal limitation of side bending, rotation, and extension greater than flexion

Front 165

what is the comparable sign for dorsal glide at the distal radioulnar joint?

Back 165

supination

Front 166

what is the comparable sign for volar glide at the distal radioulnar joint?

Back 166

pronation

Front 167

what is the comparable sign for dorsal glide at the radiocarpal joint?

Back 167

wrist flexion

Front 168

what is the comparable sign for volar glide at the radiocarpal joint?

Back 168

wrist extension

Front 169

what part of the shoulder joint capsule is stretched during GH flexion?

Back 169

posterior and inferior

Front 170

what part of the shoulder joint capsule is stretched during ER at the side?

Back 170

anterior

Front 171

what part of the shoulder joint capsule is stretched during ER at 90 degrees?

Back 171

anterior, posterior, and inferior

Front 172

what is the resting position of the GH joint?

Back 172

40-45 degrees abduction

Front 173

what is the comparable sign for GJ joint lateral distraction in neutral?

Back 173

any limited movement (pick most limited)

Front 174

what is the comparable sign for lateral distraction of the GH joint at 90 flexion?

Back 174

GH flexion and horizontal adduction

Front 175

what is the comparable sign for GH joint caudal glide in neutral?

Back 175

abduction, reposition superiorly displaced humeral head

Front 176

what is the comparable sign for GH joint caudal glide in 90 degrees abduction?

Back 176

abduction

Front 177

what are the comparable signs for GH joint posterior glide at side?

Back 177

glenohumeral flexion and internal rotation

Front 178

what are the comparable signs for GH joint posterior glide in 90 degrees flexion?

Back 178

glenohumeral flexion and horizontal adduction

Front 179

what is the comparable sign for GH joint physiological flexion?

Back 179

shoulder flexion

Front 180

what is the comparable sign for distraction at the humeroulnar joint?

Back 180

elbow flexion or extension

Front 181

what is the comparable sign for humeroulnar distraction progression?

Back 181

elbow flexion or extension

Front 182

what is the comparable sign for volar glide of the humeroradial joint?

Back 182

elbow flexion

Front 183

what is the comparable sign for dorsal glide of the humeroradial joint?

Back 183

elbow extension

Front 184

what is the comparable sign for dorsal glide at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 184

pronation

Front 185

what is the comparable sign for volar glide at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 185

supination

Front 186

what does SNAG stand for?

Back 186

sustained natural apophyseal glides