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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Computer System
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A computer system is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer
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Hardware
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Hardware is the collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.
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Software
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Software consists of the programs that tell the computer what to do.
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Programs
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Programs are sets of instructions for a computer
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Programming
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Programming is the act of developing and writing programs
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Application Software
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Comprise all the programs that you use to manage your computer
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System Software
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Comprises all the programs you apply to a task.
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Input
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Describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice
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Data Items
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Data items include all the text, numbers and other information processed by a computer
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Processing
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Processing data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them.
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CPU
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Central Processing Unit
The CPU is the hardware component that processes data. |
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Output
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Describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device, such as a monitor or printer, so people can view, interpret, and work with the results.
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Information
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Information is processed as data.
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Storage devices
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Storage devices are types of hardware equipment, such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval.
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Programming Languages
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Programming languages, such as Visual Basics, C#, C++, or COBOL, are used to write programs.
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Program Code
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Program Code is the set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
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Coding the program
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Coding the program is an act of writing programing language instructions.
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Syntax
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The syntax is a language is its grammar rules
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Syntax Error
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A syntax error is an error in language or grammar
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Computer Memory
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is the temporary, internal storage within a computer
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RAM
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Random Access Memory
RAM is temporary, internal computer storage |
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Volatile
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Volatile describes storage whose contents are lost when the power is lost
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Nonvolatile
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Nonvolatile describes storage whose contents are retained when the power is lost
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Machine Language
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Machine Language is a computers on/off circuitry language
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Source Code
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Source Code is the statements a programmer writes in a program language
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Object Code
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Object Code is translated machine language
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A Compiler or interpreter
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A compiler or interpreter translated a high-language into machine language and indicates if you ave used programming language incorrectly
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Binary language
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Binary language is represented using a series of 1s and 0s
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run or execute
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To run or execute a program is to carry out its instructions
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Scripting languages
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Scripting languages (also called scripting program languages or script languages) such as Python, Lua, Perl,and PHP are used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. Scripting languages are stored in text rather than as binary executable files
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Logical error
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A logical error occurs when incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order
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logic
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You develop the logic of the computer program when you give instructions to the computer in a specific sequence, without omitting any instructions or by adding extraneous instructions
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variable
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A variable is named memory location whose value can vary
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Program development cycle
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The program development cycle consists of the steps that occur during a programs lifetime.
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Users or end users
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Users (or end users) are people who employ and benefit from a computer program
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Documentation
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Documentation consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program
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Algorithm
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An Algorithm is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any programs
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IPO Chart
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An IPO Chart is a program development tool that lists tasks, objects, and events.
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TOE Chart
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A TOE Chart is a program development tool that lists tasks, objects, and events
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Desk-Checking
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Desk-Checking is the process of walking through a program solution on paper
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High-level programming language
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A High-level Programming language supports English-like syntax
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Low-level machine langauage
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A low-level machine language is made up of 1s and 0s and does not easily interpreted variable names
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debugging
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debugging is the process of finding and correcting program errors
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Conversion
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Conversion is the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs
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Maintenance
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Maintenance consists of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.
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Pseudocode
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Pseudocode is an English-like representation of the logical steps to solve a problem
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Flowchart
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A flowchart is a pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem
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Input symbol
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An input symbol indicates a processing operation and its represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts
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Output symbol
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An output symbol indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts
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Flowlines
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Flowlines, or arrows, connect to the steps in a flowchart
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Terminal Symbol
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A terminal symbol indicates beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a lozenge
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Loop
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A loop is a repetition of a series of steps
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Infinite loop
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An infinite loop occurs when repeating logic cannot end
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Making a decision
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Making a decision is the act of testing a value
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Decision Symbol
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A decision symbol is shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in flowcharts
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Dummy Value
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A dummy Value is preselected value that stops the execution of a program
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Sentinel Value
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A sentinel Value is preselected value that stops the execution of a program
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EOF
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End Of File
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Text Editor
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A text Editor is a program that you use to create simple text files: it is similar to a word processor, but without many features
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IDE
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Integrated development Environment
An integrated development environment is a software package that provides an editor, compiler and other programming tools |
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Microsoft Visual Studio IDE
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Microsoft Visual Studio IDE is a software package that provides an editor, compiler , and other programming tools.
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Command line
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A command line is a location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computers operating system
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GUI
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Graphical User Interface
A GUI allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment. |
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Procedural Programming
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Procedural Programming is a programming model that focuses on the procedures that programmers create
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Object-Oriented Programming
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Object-oriented programming is a programming model that focuses on objects or "things" and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors
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Computer Programs are known as _______
a. Hardware b. Software c. Data d. Information |
b. Software
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The major computer operations include
a. Hardware and software b. Input, processing, and output c. Sequence and looping d. Spreadsheets, word processing and data communication |
b. Input, processing, and output
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Visual Basic, C++, and Java are all examples of computer _______________
a. Operating system b. Hardware c. Machine languages d. Programming language |
d. Programming language
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A programming language’s rules are its
a. Syntax b. Logic c. Format d. Options |
a. Syntax
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The most important task of a compiler or interpreter is to _______________
a. Create the rules for a programming language b. Translate English statements into a language such as java c. Translate programming language statements into the machine language d. Execute machine language programs to perform useful tasks |
c. Translate programming language statements into the machine language
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Which of the following is temporarily, internal storage?
a. Cpu b. Hard disk c. Keyboard d. Memory |
d. Memory
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Which of the following pairs of steps in the programming process is in the correct order?
a. Code the program, plan the logic b. Test the program, translate it into machine language c. Put the program into production, understand the program d. Code the program, translate it into machine language |
d. Code the program, translate it into machine language
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A programmer’s most important task before planning the logic of a program is to ___________?
a. Decide which programming language to use b. Code the program c. Train the user of the program d. Understand the problem |
d. Understand the problem
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The two most commonly used tools for planning a program’s logic are
a. Flowcharts and pseudocode b. ASCII and EBCDIC c. Java and Visual Basic d. Word processors and spreadsheets |
a. Flowcharts and pseudocode
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Writing a program in a language such as C++ or Java is known as ________ the program.
a. Translating b. Coding c. Interpreting d. Compiling |
b. Coding
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An English-like programming language such as C++ or Java is known as _______ the program.
a. Machine-level b. Low-level c. High-level d. Binary-level |
c. High-level
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Which of the following is an example of a syntax error?
a. Producing output before accepting input b. Subtracting when you meant to add c. Misspelling a programming language word d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Which of the following is an example of a logical error?
a. Performing arithmetic with a value before inputting it b. Accepting two input values when a program requires only one c. Dividing it by 3 when you meant to divide by 30 d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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14. The parallelogram is the flowchart symbol representing _______________
a. Input b. Output c. Both a and b d. None of the above |
c. Both a and b
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In a flowchart, a rectangle represents _________.
a. Input b. A sentinel c. A question d. Processing |
d. Processing
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16. In a flowchart the decision symbol is a
a. Parallelogram b. Rectangle c. Lozenge d. diamond |
d. diamond
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17. The term eof represents ______.
a. A standard input device b. A generic sentinel value c. A condition in which no more memory is available for storage d. The logical flow in a program |
b. A generic sentinel value
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18. When you use an IDE instead of a simple text editor to develop a program, _________.
a. The logic is more complicated b. The logic is simpler c. The syntax is different d. Some help is provided |
d. Some help is provided
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When you write a program that will run in a GUI environment as opposed to a command-line environment, ______.
a. The logic is very different b. Some syntax is different c. You do not need to plan the logic d. Users are more confused |
b. Some syntax is different
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As compared to procedural programming, with object-oriented programming, ___________.
a. The programmer’s focus differs b. You cannot use some languages, such as java c. You do not accept input d. You do not code calculations; they are created automatically |
a. The programmer’s focus differs
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Computer System Devices
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Hardware
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Another Word for Programs
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Software
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Language Rules
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Syntax
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Order of Instructions
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Logic
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Language Translator
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Compiler
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Processing Symbol
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A processing symbol indicates a processing operation and is represented by a rectangle in flowcharts
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