Ecosystems (Chapter 2 And 3)

Front 1

Ecosystem

Back 1

Several types of living things live in environment and interact between themselves and nonliving surroundings

Front 2

Biome

Back 2

Global ecosystem located in a specific portion of the world.

Ex.

=Deserts, oceans, and forests are examples of ecosystems and biomes

Front 3

Ecology

Back 3

Study of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors of organisms in enviromental systems

Front 4

Biosphere

Back 4

The living world and all Biotic and Abiotic factors that affect life within it.

Front 5

Community

Back 5

Made up of populations that interact with each other

Ex.

=Rabbits and hawks may be part of a community

Front 6

Organism

Back 6

A specific species of plant, animal, bacteria, fungus or other living thing that lives in a specific area.

Ex.

=You and I are organisms

Front 7

Tissues

Back 7

Two or more cells carry out a specific function for an organism

Front 8

Cell

Back 8

The smallest unit of life that has all the characteristics of living things

Front 9

Population

Back 9

A group of organisms that mate with one another and live in the same place at the same time

Front 10

Organ systems

Back 10

A set of organs inside an organism that carry out a specific function (digestion, circulation, respiration, etc.)

Front 11

Organ

Back 11

A set of tissues connected that carry out a specific function for a living thing (ex. of an organ may include the heart, the lung, the brain, etc.)

Front 12

Habitat

Back 12

The place where an organism lives

Hint 12

Cooperation and competition for biotic and abiotic parts of the environment is what ecology is about

Front 13

Niche

Back 13

The role a species has in it's environment

Hint 13

Cooperation and competition for biotic and abiotic parts of the environment is what ecology is about

Front 14

Symbiosis (Definition)

Back 14

A relationship where two or more organisms depend on each other for resources

Ex.

Resources serve an organism (such as food, shelter, etc.)

Front 15

Trophic Level

Back 15

Steps in the passage of energy and matter through an biotic and abiotic aspects of an ecosystem

Hint = Types of trophic level organisms

Hint 15

Autotroph - uses energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to make its food (carbohydrates)

Heterotroph - An organism feeds on other organisms

Front 16

Parasitism

Back 16

A relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits while the other is harmed

Front 17

Mutualism

Back 17

A relationship between two or more organisms in which both organisms benefit

Front 18

Commensalism

Back 18

A relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither harmed nor helped

Front 19

Levels of heterotrophs (Lowest to highest)

Back 19

Primary consumers (herbivores)

Secondary Consumers (eat herbivores)

Tertiary Consumers (eat the organisms that eat herbivores)

Scavenger - a heterotroph that eats dead organisms

Decomposer - A heterotroph that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from dead organisms

Front 20

Food Chain

Back 20

Linear flow of matter through an ecosystem

Front 21

Food Web

Back 21

Non-linear flow of matter and food through an ecosystem

Hint 21

Front 22

3 states of water

Back 22

Solid, Liquid, Gas (mostly determined on temperature)

Front 23

Evaporation

Back 23

Vapours rise

Front 24

Condense

Back 24

particles come together into clouds

Front 25

Precipitation

Back 25

Water particles drop out of clouds

Front 26

Percolation

Back 26

Water drains into and through the dirt

Front 27

Air is made up of ____% of nitrogen

Back 27

Air is made up of 78% of nitrogen

Front 28

Plants get nitrogen by taking it and incorporating it into compounds such as...

Back 28

Nitrate ions (NO3)

Ammonia (NH3)

Urea (NH2)2CO

Front 29

How do animals get nitrogen compounds?

Back 29

Animals get Nitrogen compounds from plants (producers or autotrophs) or animals that have fed on plants (herbivores)

Front 30

What are the 4 processes that participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere?

Back 30

Nitrogen Fixation, Decay, Nitrification, Denitrification

Front 31

How does Carbon return to the atmosphere and water?

Back 31

By cellular respiration

i.e

- All living things respire

- Carbon dioxide, burning, decay all produce carbon dioxide (but only if oxygen is present)

Front 32

Name 2 reservoirs of Carbon

Back 32

In the Atmosphere and dissolved in water

Front 33

What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into rich-energy carbon compounds?

Back 33

Photosynthesis

Hint = Formula of photosynthesis

Hint 33

Water + Sunlight +Carbon dioxide = Glucose and Oxygen

Front 34

What does bacteria turn ammonia into?

Back 34

Nitrates

Hint 34

Front 35

What is the decomposers job in the nitrogen cycle?

Back 35

The decomposers are responsible for breaking down the dead animal or plants nitrogen containing molecules to ammonia

Hint 35

Front 36

Plants "burn" their own food through ______________ _____________

Back 36

Plants "burn" their own food through Cellular Respiration

Front 37

What processes in the transparency release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

Back 37

Diffusion, Volcanoes, Deforestation, Cellular respiration, Decomposition and burning fossil fuels

Hint 37

Front 38

The herbivores lose more than ____% of the energy it takes in during its own life functions such as ________, _______, ________, ________, etc

Back 38

The herbivores lose more than 90% of the energy it takes in during its own life functions such as breathing, moving, eating, reproducing, etc

Hint 38

Front 39

Carrying capacity

Back 39

The number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

Front 40

We love in what terrestrial biome?

Back 40

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Front 41

3 biotic and abiotic features of our terrestrial biomes (Temperate Deciduous Forest)

Back 41

Abiotic -> Longer growing season than boreal forest

•Higher temperatures than tundra or boreal forest

•Fertile soil

Biotic -> Many insects

•Shrews and mice

• Deer

•Blackbirds

•Weasels