Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A population is made up of:
a) All individuals of any kind b) Groups of individuals of different kinds in an area c) All groups of organisms in an area at any one time d) Individuals of the same kind in an area at a given time |
d) Individuals of the same kind in an area at a given time |
|
|
The most important characteristic required for an introduced 'natural enemy' to be most successful in biologically controlling an introduced pest is that it must:
a) Come from the native habitat of the introduced pest b) Breed rapidly c) Prey on the pest only d) Be a disease or parasite |
c) prey on the pest only |
|
|
Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic components of the environment. |
Biotic factors are the living organisms whilst the abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the environment. eg. Temperature, light, soil, moisture, air currents, ect. |
|
|
Define the term organism |
Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life |
|
|
Define the term population |
A group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources (eg, food, mates, shelter). |
|
|
define the term community |
Several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent. |
|
|
Define the term Ecosystem |
Populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact. |
|
|
Define the term Biosphere |
Life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water and salt water |
|
|
Order the following terms in ascending order -community -organism -biosphere -population -ecosystem |
-organism -population -community -ecosystem -biosphere |
|
|
Clarify the difference between a habitat and a niche |
A niche is the role that a species plays in a community (it's job) and a habitat is the place in which an organism lives out its life (it's address). |
|
|
What is a limiting factor (in relation to restricting a living organism's) |
A limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific way. |
|
|
What are 3 examples of a limiting factor? |
-Amount of water - Amount of food - Temperature |
|
|
The water cycle consists of 4 main processes, list them: |
-Evaporation -Transpiration -Condensation -Precipitation |
|
|
A farmer caught a wedge-tailed eagle eating a young lamb. In vengeance he shot all the wedge-tailed eagles that ventured near his station and strung them up along his perimeter fence. The following year he was overrun with rabbits. He tried desperately to exterminate and limit them with rabbit-proof fences. poisoning and ripping burrows but they stripped the ground bare. His sheep staved and he went broke. such is the life for the farmer - or is it? Explain his folly in regard to this outcome. |
Studies have shown that the by far greatest part of the wedge-tailed eagles is rabbits. In shooting the eagles he was actually shooting the natural predator of the rabbits. In their absence the population of rabbits increased and the grass was eaten out (leaving no food for the farmer's sheep). |
|
|
Define the term adaptation. |
An adaptation is a characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. |
|
|
What are the 3 types of adaptations? |
-Structural adaptations -Behavioural adaptations -Function adaptations |
|
|
What are 3 examples of adaptations in animals and plants? |
Plants- Spines for protection, waxy layer to keep water in, mimicry od insects to promote pollination, colour/odour of flowers to attract pollinators
Animals- Heavy fur, camouflage, hibernation, large ears, migration etc. |
|
|
Define the term Mimicry. |
An adaptation where one species changes over time so that they will look like a dangerous species in order to fool predators. |
|
|
Define the term Camouflage. |
A way of hiding in order to bland in with the surroundings. Can be by colour, texture, added ornamentation, etc. |
|
|
How did Lamark and Darwin differ in their opinions of how animals gained their adaptations? |
Lamark thought that organisms changed during their lifetime, and then pass on their new characteristics to their offspring.
Darwin thought that organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less ell-adapted organisms do. |
|
|
What are the 3 factors that Darwin said affect the process of Natural Selection. |
-Overpopulation -Competition -Variation |
|
|
Define the term overpopulation |
species reproduce many offspring, not all of them will survive. |
|
|
Define the term competition. |
since food and other resources are limited, the offspring must compete with each other to survive. |
|
|
Define the term Variations. |
Slight differences in an organism's traits of the same species, some will make certain individuals better adapted to the environment. |
|
|
What are the 4 forms of evidence of evolution. |
-Fossil record -Embryology -Vestigial Structures -Homologous Structures |
|
|
What is a fossil record? |
Darwin and others found huge fossils of organisms that once lived that are related to those that exist tody, eg. sloth. |
|
|
What is embryology? |
Many organisms look the same for the first few stages of development, which makes it appear that all organisms came from a common ancestor. Eg. Gill slits on human embryos. |
|
|
What are Vestigial Structures? |
Remnants of organs or bones that have no use now in the organisms but may have from their common ancestors. Eg. Pelvic bones in whales. |
|
|
What are homologous Structures? |
Similar structures found in many organisms indicating that they had common ancestors. Eg. Forearms of humans, cat, whales and bats. |
