Ecosystems And Biospheres

Front 1

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 1

It is always changing and adapting, trying to maintain equilibrium without upsetting the whole system

Front 2

Community

Back 2

A collection of populations

Front 3

A community and its physical and chemical environment is called

Back 3

ecosystem

Front 4

Population

Back 4

A group of organisms of the same species occupying the same space

Front 5

Where is the ozone layer?

Back 5

In the stratosphere

Front 6

What layer of the atmosphere does life reside in?

Back 6

Trophosphere

Front 7

Albedo

Back 7

The ability to reflect solar radiation

Front 8

What is the Gaia Hypothesis?

Back 8

All living things are connected and everything must remain in balance or the whole system will be upset (butterfly effect)

Front 9

What makes up the biosphere?

Back 9

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and atmosphere

Front 10

What is the functional part of the biosphere?

Back 10

The ecosystem

Front 11

3 layers of the atmosphere

Back 11

Trophosophere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Front 12

Trophosphere

Back 12

Where life occurs.

Front 13

Stratosphere

Back 13

Contains ozone layer

Front 14

Mesosphere

Back 14

Contains atmospheric gases and water vapour

Front 15

What is ozone and where is it found?

Back 15

A gas found in the stratosphere that protects us from UV rays

Front 16

How does snows high albedo contribute to cold weather?

Back 16

It wont absorb any of the radiation heat so it remains cold

Front 17

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Back 17

1. Plant.

2. Animal

3. Fungi

4. Monera

5. Protista

Front 18

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 18

Energy will be lost during a transformation

Front 19

What are the three pyramids of energy?

Back 19

1. Pyramid of Numbers

2. Pyramid of Biomass

3. Pyramid of Energy

Front 20

Biomagnification

Back 20

When pesticides are eaten by 1 rat, then a snake eats 3 rats, then a mongoose eats 10 snakes so there is far more poison in the mongoose than there was in the rat

Front 21

Pioneer Organism

Back 21

Are the first organism to re inhabit a hard to live in region

Front 22

Three Structural Zones of Earth

Back 22

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

Front 23

How are materials and potential energies moved through the ecosystem?

Back 23

Through the trophic levels

Front 24

Pyramid of Numbers

Back 24

Based on the numbers of organisms at each trophic level

Front 25

Pyramid of Biomass

Back 25

Based on the dry mass of tissue

KG

Front 26

Pyramid of Energy

Back 26

Drawn on the basis of the energy produced at each trophic level

KJ

Front 27

Whats it called where both organisms benefit from a relationship?

Back 27

Mutualism

Front 28

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

Back 28

Commensalism

Front 29

A relationship where one organism feeds on the dead tissue of another

Back 29

Detrivitory

Front 30

Primary succession

Back 30

The first form of life where there is none

Front 31

What is the edge effect

Back 31

The most productive regions have a large diversity of plants which causes a large diversity of animals

Front 32

What is substrate?

Back 32

The soil conditions

Front 33

Thin substrate=

Back 33

Bare substrate

Front 34

Climax forest

Back 34

The final form of a forest

Front 35

Note: The thicker the substrate the more productive

Front 36

What is secondary succession?

Back 36

If there is a minor disaster and the area has to regrow

Front 37

What makes up climate?

Back 37

Precipitation and temperature

Front 38

What are the lake successions?

Back 38

1. Oligotroph - deep, cold, unproductive

2. Mesotrophic - bottom begins to fill, warmer, shallower, more productive

3. Eutrophic - shallow, warm productive

Front 39

Three aquatic communities?

Back 39

1. Fresh

2. Salt

3. Brackish

Front 40

Eurotrophication

Back 40

The filling of a lake by organic matter and vegetation

Front 41

What are the four zones of water?

Back 41

Litoral- around the edge where it is shallow enough for growth

Limnetic- open area of a lake that goes down to where there is no light (vertical)

Profundal- Light cannot penetrate here (horizontal)

Benthos - the bottom

Front 42

Winter stagnation

Back 42

Lake is covered with ice so oxygen exchanged does not occur. Light cannot penetrate and photosynthesis ceases

Front 43

COLD WATER FLOATS

Front 44

Overturn

Back 44

When the wind buffs the ice free lake and increases the amount of dissolved oxygen

Front 45

Epilimnion

Back 45

Upper layer; warm

Front 46

Thermocline

Back 46

Middle layer

Front 47

Hypolimnion

Back 47

Lower layer, can be high o2 or low o2

Front 48

Five conditions that determine organisms survival in winter ecosystem

Back 48

1. Snow

2. Cold

3. Radiation of heat

4. Wind

5. Energy (food)

Front 49

Types of adaptations

Back 49

1. Anatomical

2. Behavioral

3. Physiological

Front 50

Chinophobe

Back 50

Hates snow

Hibernates, produces glycerol

(Chino=chinook=associated with winter)

Front 51

Chioneuphore

Back 51

Can survive in snowy regions

Switch from grazing to browsing

Front 52

Chionophiles

Back 52

Really like snow

often cant survive in warmer regions

Front 53

What adaptations can animals make to adapt to colder climates?

Back 53

Insulating fur coat

Small extremities

Increased activity

Adipose tissue

Utilize insulation provided by environment (snow cover)

Larger

subnivean

Front 54

Subnivean

Back 54

Smallest mammals live under the snow

Front 55

Pukak

Back 55

Open space at base of snow