Economics Exam 1- Healthcare Systems

Front 1

% of GDP that is healthcare in US

Back 1

16%

Front 2

employers pay what % of premiums in US (approximately)

Back 2

74%

Front 3

average famliy premium in US

Back 3

1111

Front 4

coverage for adults in US- most people have what type of insurance

what % is uninsured

Back 4

more than 50% is employer sponsored
20% are uninsured

Front 5

UK- what % of GDP is for healthcare

Back 5

8.6%

Front 6

UK healthcare sytsem (4) premiums, co-pays, what types of insurance are avail?

Back 6

no family premium
some co-pays for drugs, dental care, glasses
gov't pays for hospitals, doctors, etc
private insurance is now available decreased waiting times

Front 7

benefits to US healthcare (3)

Back 7

-easy access
-if you want something you can usually get it
-a lot of research and stuff going on

Front 8

downsides to US healthcare (4)

Back 8

-uninsured population- most people choose not to get it, but for many it is just too expensive
-lack of transparency in cost
-bankruptcy due to health care
-people avoid preventative care that they need due to cost

Front 9

downsides to UK healthcare (5)

Back 9

-care is rationed- you can't get something if it's not determined you absolutely need it
-e.g. zyrtec- not offered due to cost, even if you really want it
-have to go through gatekeeper even if they are out of town (have to wait)
-everyone has it bad, equally
-you are assigned to one primary care doctor, you can't switch
-high taxes

Front 10

benefits to UK healthcare (2)

Back 10

it's free
everyone has a doc so good preventative care

Front 11

dartmouth atlas- what does it show? (2)

Back 11

shows practice area variation across the country for specific things like cancer therapy at end of life, etc.

assumption that variation is all caused by inappropriate care is not accurate- there are certain diseases where it isn't known exactly what the best next step is

Front 12

command system definition

Back 12

central authority makes all the decisions (like in the UK?)

Front 13

Germany % of GDP that is healthcare

Back 13

10.7% of GDP is healthcare

Front 14

average family premium in germany
copays

Back 14

$750 average family premium (adjusted for income)
$15 co-pays every three months

Front 15

sickness funds- properties/what they do (3)

Back 15

non-profit
cannot deny coverage based on pre-existing conditions
bargain with doctors

Front 16

% of germany that has private insurance

Back 16

10%

Front 17

idk i think i need to know which is mixed, command, free market system...

Back 17

--listen to lecture

Front 18

which healthcare system is a command system?

Back 18

UK

Front 19

issue with command systems (2)

Back 19

government makes decisions based on an average so it might be really good for some and shitty for others

poor still get less healthcare than rich

Front 20

mixed system example

Back 20

germany
and US kinda

Front 21

mixed system definition

Back 21

Market-based system in which the central authority is involved (to a greater or lesser extent)

Front 22

benefit of mixed system

Back 22

close loopholes (like pre-existing conditions- govt can close

Front 23

disadvantages of mixed system (2)

Back 23

ways to game the system like lobby your congressman

not maximizing individual satisfaction (based on averages)

Front 24

Taiwan system- % of GDP
avg family premium
how it is run

Back 24

6.3% of GDP is healthcare
$650 average family premium (split with employers)

One government-run insurance company

Front 25

copays in Taiwan (cost of drugs, traditional meds)

Back 25

Co-pays: 20% of cost of drugs, up to $6.50, $7.00 for traditional medicine

Front 26

benefits of taiwan system (5)

Back 26

-very low admin costs
-cheap
-easy to pull up records/switch around docs
-have choices
-no waiting times

Front 27

downside of taiwan system (3)

Back 27

-system is broke
-people go for frivolous reasons (no gate keeper)
-government watching

Front 28

swiss healthcare- who is doing the covering? (2)

Back 28

Non-profit insurance companies accept all patients
Insurance companies offer supplemental coverage- not like germany where you have option to opt out- but you can buy supplemental coverage

Front 29

copays in swiss

Back 29

10% of cost of all services, up to $420 per year

Front 30

Swiss:
% of GDP that is healthcare
avg family premium

Back 30

11.6% of GDP is healthcare
$750 average family premium

Front 31

benefits of swiss healthcare system (3)

Back 31

-non profit status + competition = not bad solution
-universal coverage
-no adverse selection- everyone has to buy in

Front 32

Japan system- % of GDP
average family premium

Back 32

8% of GDP is healthcare
$280 average family premium

Front 33

5 benefits of jap system

Back 33

take care of people very well (good preventive care)
universal
choice of doctors
low cost due to banning insurance company profits and limiting doctor fees

Front 34

Japan system- co-pays how much?
who is covering insurance (2)

Back 34

30% of the cost of procedures
Insurance is provided by employers or community-based insurance companies

The government negotiates prices with providers.

Front 35

disadvantages of jap system (3)

Back 35

Not making enough money (bankrupt)
More people go to health care than needed (price so low you get MRIs for everything)
basically, prices are too low

Front 36

vet system vs. man healthcare system (4)

Back 36

all payments made in cash
no waiting
gov't provides free care for poor animals
competitive (limited govt involvement though)

Front 37

downside to vet system

Back 37

really expensive treatments that are hard to pay for

Front 38

wtf is moral hazard

Back 38

---

Front 39

closest system to market system

Back 39

vet system

Front 40

market system definition

Back 40

Decisions made by consumers and producers pursuing their own interests

Front 41

market system benefit and downside

Back 41

efficient (you give what services are wanted) but not equal for all

Front 42

CHIP (children's health insurance program)

Back 42

a program for low income children who do not qualify for Medicaid.

Front 43

4 public healthcare programs in US

Back 43

medicare
medicaid
CHIP
other fed/state/county lvl assistance programs

Front 44

7 public options avail in iowa

Back 44

hawk-i: Healthy and Well Kids in Iowa
Health Insurance Premium Payment (HIPP) Program
AIDS/HIV Health Insurance Premium Payment Program
IowaCare
Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS)
Medicaid for Employed People with Disabilities (MEPD)
Medicaid for Kids with Special Needs

Front 45

2 types of private health insurance available in US

Back 45

employer based
individual health insurance

Front 46

4 private options for paying for healthcare

Back 46

private insurance
private pay (out of pocket)
charities
co-op (group that pools together risk)

Front 47

bulk of health expenditures were on what? (2)

Back 47

hospital care and physicians

Front 48

healthcare system composed of...(3)


distribution (which is most)

Back 48

hospitals
nursing facilities
am care

more care is in am care but this is not where all the costs come from (most cost comes from hospital care)

Front 49

% of healthcare practitioners that are pharmacists

Back 49

0.5% are pharmacists

Front 50

% spending of GDP on healthcare- who the highest

second highest

Back 50

US!

then swiss

Front 51

describe growth of total health expenditure (% of GDP) of the US

Back 51

around 1977 started huge upwards slope