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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
output growth
The growth rate of the output of the entire economy.
per-capita output growth
The growth rate of output per person in the economy.
productivity growth
The growth rate of output per worker.
recession
Roughly, a period in which real GDP declines for at least two consecutive quarters. Marked by falling output and rising unemployment.
depression
A prolonged and deep recession. The precise definitions of prolonged and deep are debatable.
employed
Any person 16 years old or older (1) who works for pay, either for someone else or in his or her own business for 1 or more hours per week; (2) who works without pay for 15 or more hours per week in a family enterprise; or (3) who has a job but has been temporarily absent, with or without pay.
unemployed
A person 16 years old or older who is not working, is available for work, and has made specific efforts to
find work during the previous 4 weeks.
not in the labor force
A person who is not looking for work, because he or she either does not want a job or has given
up looking.
labor force
The number of people employed plus the number of unemployed.
unemployment rate
The ratio of the number of people unemployed to the total number of people in the labor force
labor force participation rate
The ratio of the labor force to the total population 16 years old or older.
discouraged-worker effect
The decline in the measured unemployment rate that results when people who want to work but cannot find jobs grow discouraged and stop looking, thus dropping out of the ranks of the unemployed and the labor force.
When we consider the various costs of unemployment, it is useful to categorize unemployment into three types:
■Frictional unemployment

■Structural unemployment

■Cyclical unemployment
frictional unemployment
The portion of unemployment that is due to the normal working of the labor market; used to denote short-run job/skill matching problems.
structural unemployment
The portion
of unemployment that is due to changes in the structure of the economy that result in a significant loss of jobs in certain industries.
natural rate of unemployment
The
unemployment that occurs as a normal part of the functioning of the economy. Sometimes taken as the sum of frictional
unemployment and structural unemployment.
cyclical unemployment
The increase in unemployment that occurs during recessions and depressions.
inflation
An increase in the overall price level.
deflation
A decrease in the overall price level.
sustained inflation
An increase in the overall price level that continues over a significant period.
consumer price index (CPI)
A price index computed each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using a bundle that is meant to represent the
“market basket” purchased monthly by the typical urban consumer.
producer price indexes (PPIs)
Measures of prices that producers receive for products at all stages in the production process.
real interest rate
The difference between the interest rate on a loan and the inflation rate.
Labor force
= employed + unemployed
Population
= labor force + not in labor force