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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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capture- recapture formula
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N hat= new(n+1)/R
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n
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sample
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N
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population- number of individuals in a defined area
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dN/dt
open population |
change in population over time
birth+immigration-death-emmigration |
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dn/dt closed population
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Nb-Nd or N(b-d)
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capture recapture
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n1(n2+10/n1
#originally captured*#of critters in 2nd sample/#marked in 2nd sample |
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Nt=lambda^t*N0
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long term population projection
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nx
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number surviving
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lx
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proportion of original surviving
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dx
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proportion of origional cohort dying at each stage
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mx
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avg fecundity per survivor
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qx
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mortality rate
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Fx
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cohort fecundity # number of eggs depostied during each stage
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lxmx
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proportion of origionl fecundity
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lx-lx+1=
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dx
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Fx/nx=
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mx
# of eggs produced per survivor |
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dx/lx=
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qx
fraction dying during each stage prb of an individual dying |
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nx/nx+1=
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lx
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lambda= R=
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Nt/N0
lambda is the net reproductive rate |
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r
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intrinsic rate of natural increase(increase in pop size per unit of time)
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r>0
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pop is growing
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r<0
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pop is shrinking
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lambda>1
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population is growing
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lambda<1
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pop is shrinking
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phylogenetics
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the practice of reconstructing evolutionary relationships
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systematics
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study of biodiversity origins and relationships of organisms
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taxonomy
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the namiong and grouping of organisms
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cladistics
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a method of phylogenetics
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taxon(taxa)
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a group
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clade
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a branch and all of its members
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willi Hennig
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german entimologist- published phylogenetics called cladistics- it stated otganisms are related through descent,lineages split to form sister species,shared derived charecters outnumber convergent charecteristics
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topology
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where things are located compared to other things
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plesiomorphic
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ancestral characteristic
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apomorphic
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derived charecteristic , opposite of plesiomorphic
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Dolb,s law/trend
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once a complicated trait is lost it is unlikely to evolve twice
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polytomy
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a phylogenetic tree that canot be fully resolved
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monophyly
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a group containing a common ancestor and all decedents
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paraphyly
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not perfect phylogenetic tree, still work some what
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polyphyly
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different common ancestors
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biological species concept
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identifys populations as species if they cannot reproduce
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ernst mayer
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formulated biological species concept
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evolutionary specie concept
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independently evolving populations are considered species
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Ed Willis
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formulated the evolutionary species concept
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phylogenetic species concept
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populations that share unique synaptomorphys that no-one else has
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evolutionary-phylogenetic species concept
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combines the two major theory's
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ramet
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ecological individual
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gemet
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genetic individual
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