Ecology Test 1 Chp 1

Front 1

ecology

Back 1

science by which we study organisms interact in and with natural world

Front 2

ecological system

Back 2

a regular inteacting of independant group of biological entities forming a unified whole that functions in an ecological text

Front 3

organism

Back 3

a livign being, most fundamental unit of ecology

Front 4

ecosystem

Back 4

an assemblage of organims together with their physical and chemical environment

Front 5

biosphere

Back 5

all the ecosystems of the earth

Front 6

populatioin

Back 6

community

Front 7

organism approach

Back 7

appraoch to ecology that ephasizes the way in which an individual organim forms, physioogy, behavior help it to survive

Front 8

population approach

Back 8

approach to ecology concerned with the populatioin dynamics

Front 9

community approach

Back 9

an approach to ecology concerned with the undrstandin the diversity and relatice abundances of different kinds of organisms living together in the same place

Front 10

ecosystem approach

Back 10

an approach to ecology that is concerned with the activites of organims as well as physical and chem. transformatioins of energy & materials in the soil, atmosphere, and water

Front 11

hierarchy of ecology

Back 11

biosphere,ecosystem, community,population,organism

Front 12

symbiosis

Back 12

close physical association between two species, usually coevolved, parasitic,mutualistic

Front 13

mutualism

Back 13

interaction between two species benefits both

Front 14

pathogens

Back 14

parasite especially mciro organism that causes disease in host

Front 15

niche

Back 15

range of conditions species can tolerate and ways of life it purses, functional role of species in community, multi dimensional space

Front 16

scale

Back 16

dimension in time or space over which variation is percieved

Front 17

steady state

Back 17

condition of system which oposing forces or fluxes are balanced

Front 18

evolution

Back 18

change in pop. gene pool

Front 19

adaptations

Back 19

genetically determined charact. enhances ability of indiv. to cope with conditions, evolutionary process which organism becomes better suited

Front 20

natural selection

Back 20

chagne in frequency of genetic traits in pop thourgh differential survival and reproduction of indiv. bearing traits

Front 21

observations

Back 21

fact pattern or relationship seen in nature that invites explanation or speculation

Front 22

hypothesis

Back 22

conjecture about or explanation proposed for a pattern or realtionship in nature

Front 23

generalization

Back 23

pattern which reesonable amount of observation produces few exceptions

Front 24

proximate factors

Back 24

aspect of environment that organism uses as cue for behavior, but does not affect organism fitness( ex. amt daylight)

Front 25

ultimate factors

Back 25

aspect environ. directly affects fitness of organism (ex. food supply)

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prediction

Back 26

logical consequence of hypothesis

Front 27

experiments

Back 27

controlled manipulation of system to determine effect of a change in one or more variables

Front 28

control

Back 28

treatment that reproduces all aspects of experiment except variable of interest

Front 29

natural experiment

Back 29

approach to hypotheis testing that relies o natural variation in environ. to create reasonably controlled experiment treatments

Front 30

microcosm

Back 30

small simplified system oftem maintained in lab that contains essential features of larger natural system

Front 31

mathematical models

Back 31

representation of complex system by set of equations corresponding to hypothesized relationship of each system's components to other components and outside influences