Ecology Part 2

Front 1

The Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey pop. dynamics is flawed....

What 2 realistic phenomena are necessary to ensure the coexistence of predators and prey?

Back 1

1) Type III functional response at high prey densities

2) Partial prey refuges

Front 2

The Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey pop. dynamics is flawed....

What 2 realistic phenomena are necessary to ensure the coexistence of predators and prey?

Back 2

1) Type III functional response at high prey densities

2) Partial prey refuges

Front 3

The Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey pop. dynamics is flawed....

What 2 realistic phenomena are necessary to ensure the coexistence of predators and prey?

Back 3

1) Type III functional response at high prey densities

2) Partial prey refuges

Front 4

The Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey pop. dynamics is flawed....

What 2 realistic phenomena are necessary to ensure the coexistence of predators and prey?

Back 4

1) Type III functional response at high prey densities

2) Partial prey refuges

Front 5

Give an example for the following concept:

Spatial Partial Prey Refuge

Back 5

EXAMPLE

barnacles living high in the rocky intertidal zone

Front 6

Give an example for the following concept:

Spatial Partial Prey Refuge

Back 6

EXAMPLE

barnacles living high in the rocky intertidal zone

Front 7

Give an example for the following concept:

Spatial Partial Prey Refuge

Back 7

EXAMPLE

barnacles living high in the rocky intertidal zone

Front 8

EXAMPLE

Moose inhabiting Isle Royale in Lake Superior

Back 8

An example of the concept:

Invulnerable age class

Front 9

EXAMPLE

Moose inhabiting Isle Royale in Lake Superior

Back 9

An example of the concept:

Invulnerable age class

Front 10

Give an example for the following concept:

Spatial Partial Prey Refuge

Back 10

EXAMPLE

barnacles living high in the rocky intertidal zone

Front 11

EXAMPLE

Moose inhabiting Isle Royale in Lake Superior

Back 11

An example of the concept:

Invulnerable age class

Front 12

Give an example for the following concept:

Synergistic Predation

Back 12

EXAMPLE

predator-prey system in coral reef fishes

Front 13

EXAMPLE

Moose inhabiting Isle Royale in Lake Superior

Back 13

An example of the concept:

Invulnerable age class

Front 14

Give an example for the following concept:

Synergistic Predation

Back 14

EXAMPLE

predator-prey system in coral reef fishes

Front 15

Give an example for the following concept:

Synergistic Predation

Back 15

EXAMPLE

predator-prey system in coral reef fishes

Front 16

EXAMPLE

All protozoan prey escape protozoan predator

Back 16

An example of the concept:

Absolute prey refuge

Front 17

EXAMPLE

All protozoan prey escape protozoan predator

Back 17

An example of the concept:

Absolute prey refuge

Front 18

EXAMPLE

All protozoan prey escape protozoan predator

Back 18

An example of the concept:

Absolute prey refuge

Front 19

Give an example for the following concept:

Synergistic Predation

Back 19

EXAMPLE

predator-prey system in coral reef fishes

Front 20

Give an example for the following concept:

Abundance refuge

Back 20

EXAMPLE

reproduction in 17-year cicadas

Front 21

Give an example for the following concept:

Abundance refuge

Back 21

EXAMPLE

reproduction in 17-year cicadas

Front 22

Give an example for the following concept:

Abundance refuge

Back 22

EXAMPLE

reproduction in 17-year cicadas

Front 23

EXAMPLE

All protozoan prey escape protozoan predator

Back 23

An example of the concept:

Absolute prey refuge

Front 24

EXAMPLE

sea lamprey-lake trout system in Great Lakes

Back 24

An example of the concept:

No refuge from introduced predator

Front 25

EXAMPLE

sea lamprey-lake trout system in Great Lakes

Back 25

An example of the concept:

No refuge from introduced predator

Front 26

EXAMPLE

sea lamprey-lake trout system in Great Lakes

Back 26

An example of the concept:

No refuge from introduced predator

Front 27

Give an example for the following concept:

Abundance refuge

Back 27

EXAMPLE

reproduction in 17-year cicadas

Front 28

What are the 4 predator responses to a change in prey abundance?

Also, what are there relative response speed?

Back 28

Numerical response (SLOW)

Functional response (FAST)

Aggregative response (FAST)

Developmental response (SLOW)

Front 29

What are the 4 predator responses to a change in prey abundance?

Also, what are there relative response speed?

Back 29

Numerical response (SLOW)

Functional response (FAST)

Aggregative response (FAST)

Developmental response (SLOW)

Front 30

What are the 4 predator responses to a change in prey abundance?

Also, what are there relative response speed?

Back 30

Numerical response (SLOW)

Functional response (FAST)

Aggregative response (FAST)

Developmental response (SLOW)

Front 31

EXAMPLE

sea lamprey-lake trout system in Great Lakes

Back 31

An example of the concept:

No refuge from introduced predator

Front 32

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 32

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 33

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 33

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 34

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 34

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 35

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 35

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 36

What are the 4 predator responses to a change in prey abundance?

Also, what are there relative response speed?

Back 36

Numerical response (SLOW)

Functional response (FAST)

Aggregative response (FAST)

Developmental response (SLOW)

Front 37

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 37

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 38

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 38

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 39

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 39

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 40

Give examples for each predator response:
-Numerical
-Functional
-Aggregative
-Developmental

Back 40

Numerical: predator population size

Functional: predator individual feeding rate

Aggregative: predator distribution

Developmental: individual growth rate

Front 41

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Cryptic Coloration

Back 41

An organism resembles the color of its background

Front 42

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Masquerade Mimicry

Back 42

Occurs when an organism resembles an inedible object in color and form

Front 43

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Mullerian Mimicry

Back 43

Different toxic or venomous species resemble each other.

Front 44

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Batesian Mimicry

Back 44

An edible species resembles a toxic or venomous species

Front 45

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Eye Spots

Back 45

Used to redirect a predator's attack so prey can escape

Front 46

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Reproductive Mimicry

Back 46

A species mimics another in order to ensure reproduction
(i.e. orchid resembling a female bumblebee)

Front 47

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Warning Coloration
(Aposematic Coloration)

Back 47

Bright colors and patterns on prey favored by natural selection because predators learn avoidance of those prey which are harmful if attacked.

Front 48

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
Unken Reflex

Back 48

A species has two operating mimicry devices; often using a CRYPTIC dorsal color and a WARNING ventral color

Front 49

In regards to MIMICRY, Define:
"Aggressive" mimicry

Back 49

A predator uses some method for attracting prey to its location
(i.e. lures)

Front 50

Are the following TRUE or FALSE?

-- Predators (by definition) limit the abundance of their prey

-- Generalist (relative to specialist) predators tend to stabilize prey numbers

Back 50

TRUE

Front 51

Are the following TRUE or FALSE?

-- Predators (by definition) regulate the abundance of their prey.

-- Prey evolve in response to predator adaptations, but predators do not evolve in response to prey adaptations.

Back 51

FALSE

Front 52

What is the intraspecies interaction, and what are the effects of one on the other?

Parasite < > Host

Back 52

Parasite ---negative--> Host

Host ---positive--> Parasite

Front 53

What is the intraspecies interaction, and what are the effects of one on the other?

Commensal < > Host

Back 53

Commensal ---no effect--> Host

Host ---positive--> Commensal

Front 54

What is the intraspecies interaction, and what are the effects of one on the other?

Parasitoid < > Host

Back 54

Parasitoid ---negative--> Host

Host ---positive--> Parasitoid

Front 55

What are the 3 hierarchical levels of Biodiversity?

Back 55

Genetic (diversity within an individual)

Species (diversity within a community)

Ecosystem (diversity among communities)

Front 56

What two components measure Species Diversity?

Can these two vary inversely to each other?

Back 56

Richness (the number of species)

Evenness (the equitability of the relative abundances among species)

YES they can vary inversely

Front 57

How do early-successional species effect the rate of ecological succession in each mechanism?

Facilitation

Inhibition

Tolerance

Back 57

Facilitation: DECREASE

Inhibition: INCREASE

Tolerance: NO EFFECT

Front 58

How do late-successional species effect the rate of ecological succession in each mechanism?

Facilitation

Inhibition

Tolerance

Back 58

Facilitation: DECREASE

Inhibition: DECREASE

Tolerance: DECREASE